Small holes and cracks in drywall are common in almost every home at some point. They can be quite annoying to look at, but the good news is that fixing them is incredibly easy and quick. You’ll need to pick up some spackle to repair these small holes in your drywall. Several types of spackle are available, including lightweight, all-purpose, heavyweight, and epoxy. A high-quality, lightweight, non-shrinking spackling compound is ideal for filling small holes in drywall and even on plastic trim.

I had a few holes to repair in my drywall, and a helpful tip that many people might not know is to use a work light to illuminate the area. When you shine a light on the drywall, you’ll likely discover more imperfections and holes you didn’t initially notice. You want to avoid having to redo the work later, so addressing everything at once is the best approach. I also recommend waiting until the spackle is completely dry before you begin sanding it. It’s tempting to rush this process, but if you don’t wait, you could ruin the work you’ve just done and end up having to reapply the spackle.

Turn on a work light

When preparing your walls for repair, position a work light to highlight defects in the drywall, making them easier to see and fix.

Sand-off loose peeling drywall

It is common for loose pieces of drywall to stick up from a hole or dent in drywall. Use a fine-grit sanding sponge between 150 and 220 grit or a putty knife to smooth the area where the repair will be made.

Remove drywall dust

After sanding, drywall dust will likely remain on the wall. Remove the drywall dust using a clean, damp shop rag, then dry the surface.

Apply drywall spackle

To repair a small hole in the drywall, use a putty knife to apply a layer of spackle. Press down firmly while spreading the spackle to ensure it fills the hole completely and covers the surface evenly. Allow the spackle to dry for one to five hours, depending on the temperature and the amount of spackle used.

If you are repairing a small hole, a second spackle application is not usually required.  If one application is insufficient, apply another layer of spackle and wait for it to dry.

Sand the dried spackle

After the spackle has dried, sand it along with the surrounding drywall using the fine-grit sanding sponge to flush the spackle with the wall.

Paint the drywall

Wipe the wall with a clean, damp rag to remove dust before painting. Skipping this step will prevent the surface from appearing smooth.

Apply two coats of wall paint to the dried spackle, allowing each coat to dry fully before applying the next.

FAQ

What is the best filler for a hole in drywall?

If the hole is small, use a lightweight spackle; use a heavyweight spackle for larger repairs.

Is joint compound or spackle better for fixing holes in drywall?

Joint compound is better for large drywall repairs, while spackle should be used for smaller holes under 1/2-in.

How do you fix tiny holes in drywall?

Apply lightweight spackle to the hole, then wait for it to dry before sanding it down and repainting the repaired area.

How can you prevent holes in your walls?

When hanging pictures on your wall, consider using adhesive hooks or tape. Use a stud finder to locate the studs before drilling to avoid unnecessary holes.

The post Wall Repair 101: How To Fix a Hole in Drywall in 6 Easy Steps appeared first on Family Handyman.

My experience playing with Hypertufa extends over many years. I say playing because the creative opportunities are endless. I have made everything from water features to Buddha heads out of Hypertufa. Planters are an excellent introduction to hypertufa as a material, so let’s walk through the steps for making a hypertufa planter from scratch.

What is hypertufa?

Hypertufa is an easy DIY cement mix made with Portland cement that is lighter than traditional cement mixtures. Hypertufa is durable. It can live outdoors and lends itself to either a smooth, polished look or a rough, rustic texture. The secret to the finish is in the mold you use. The secret to living outdoors, at freezing temperatures, is in the ratio of the mix. Hypertufa conforms like clay, can take on many forms and is inexpensive. Here is a wonderful introduction to Portland cement and the possibilities it holds.

Select the hypertufa mold

The mold will determine the final finish and texture of the hypertufa planter in which it is cast. For a smooth, polished appearance, choose a plastic tub with a smooth, shiny finish. If you want a textured look like us, line a plastic tub with a plastic liner. Allow the wrinkles to form in the plastic liner and embed into the wet hypertufa cement.

Mix the hypertufa ingredients

Mix together the dry ingredients: two quarts perlite, two quarts peat moss and two quarts Portland cement. The dry Portland cement and peat moss tend to clump and become difficult to break down when you add water, so sift them through a 1/2-in. steel mesh screen first.

Once sifted, to ensure even distribution of materials, mix the dry material by hand or with a garden shovel to blend well.

Slowly add water

Slowly add water as you thoroughly mix the materials. It is important not to overwet the mix. Shoot for a consistency like a thick brownie mix. If you can make a ball out of the mix and it stays in shape, you’ve added the right amount of water.

Transfer the Hypertufa mix into the plastic tub

Put on a pair of plastic gloves and transfer the hypertufa mix into the plastic-lined tub. Start by building up at least an inch of Hypertufa mix on the bottom of the tub for the base, and work your way up the tub’s sides to create walls at least an inch thick.

Bore out a drain hole

Every planter needs a drain hole to ensure proper drainage and prevent root rot. With a wood dowel or your finger, create a one-inch-ish drain hole in the bottom of the planter. Depending on the size of your planter, you may opt for two holes six to nine inches apart.

Finishing touches

This is the last opportunity to shape and form the wet hypertufa mix.  Whatever stage you leave it in now is how it will dry and cure. Be sure to smooth out the top lip of the planter, make sure corners are defined and all four walls are about the same thickness.

Cure for 24 hours

Fold the plastic liner over the top of the hypertufa and leave it in the mold to cure for 24-hours. If your plastic mold container has a lid, use this as well. The plastic liner and/or lid will prevent moisture from escaping too quickly and slow down drying time. Slowing down the drying time will help prevent the hypertufa from developing cracks and weakening the planter.

De-mold and clean up

De-molding is easy when using a non-porous plastic tub like ours. But if you decide to use another porous material (such as wood) in the future, you will want to use a lubricant such as vegetable or olive oil sprayed or brushed on the mold.

When mixing Portland cement with Perlite and peat moss, you may find small loose particles of these elements attached to the outer surface but not fully embedded.  To clean loose bits of material, use a wire brush to remove them. This step is more about aesthetics than it is about the durability of the planter. It’s about the look you like.

Complete the drying process

Once the planter has been de-molded, it will still not be dry. You will want to continue the slow drying process by wrapping the whole planter in plastic for five to seven days and misting it with water every 24 hours. You will know it is dry when it looks even in color, and no moisture is visible. Moisture can be detected by uneven, darker grey spots in the Hypertufa.

While drying, the drain hole may become glazed over with a thin layer of cement. Use a dowel or screwdriver to clean it out before the drying process.

Transition to a tub of water

The last step is to ensure your planter is no longer holding the lime from the cement.  Lime can mix into your potting soil and hurt your plants.  To allow the lime to leach out, submerge the entire planter in a tub of water for seven days.

Remove planter from water, Rinse off and plant

To ensure any remnants of Lime have been removed from the planter, give it a good rinse before adding dirt and planting.

FAQ

What is the difference between concrete and cement?

Concrete is cement with an aggregate of sand and gravel added to it for strength.  Cement is just the Portland cement powder. It becomes concrete when you add sand and gravel.

Does Hypertufa work with water for water features?

Yes, Hypertufa is often used for water features and is well-suited to water exposure. If your water feature will be exposed to freezing temperatures, be sure to add sand to the mix to help prevent cracking.

The post DIY Hypertufa Planters With This Step-by-Step Guide appeared first on Family Handyman.

Popcorn ceilings hit their “heyday” in the 1970s and 1980s. Also known as an acoustic ceiling for its noise-dampening properties, popcorn ceilings were both an architectural choice. They made finishing ceilings easier because the texture was usually sprayed on and rarely painted or sealed. Although that day has come and gone, it doesn’t mean many of us don’t still have popcorn-textured ceilings in our homes.

The challenging thing about popcorn ceilings is that they may be toxic. Until the 1980s, the composition of the mix used for the application had asbestos fibers, which we know is considered a carcinogen.  So, although we may want to remove the popcorn ceiling texture, you are advised to use an abatement professional who will get rid of it safely and avoid having asbestos dust flying through the ducts and landing on surfaces all over your home.

One less attractive characteristic of textured ceilings is that they are less reflective of natural light, and we all want as much light as possible in our homes. Popcorn ceilings also have a high propensity to catch, store dust and absorb cigarette smoke — all of which turn into allergens affecting everyone in the household.

With all this said, it doesn’t mean you have to live with a dirty and dingy popcorn ceiling.  It means you must maintain and clean it, but how?  You don’t want to disturb the material yet; you want to clean it.  My first advice is to approach the cleaning of a popcorn ceiling with a process of elimination until you find what works best for you and your ceiling.  Meaning that if one process doesn’t work, try another. I share a few different ways to clean a popcorn ceiling.

Prep the area

Spending a few minutes preparing to clean a popcorn ceiling will save you a great deal of time cleaning up afterwards.  It is likely that household dust and lint has accumulated in the nooks and crannies of the popcorn texture. Whatever doesn’t get sucked up by a vacuum will end up in the air and can take up to eight hours to land on a surface. Lay drop cloths on the floor, keeping ladder safety in mind. Remove or cover all surfaces and furniture.

Vacuum up surface dust

Before you start brushing dust in the air, try to suck as much as possible up using a vacuum with a soft bristle attachment. Focus on not disturbing the texture. Press lightly on the wand and let the vacuum do the work.

Use a chip brush or microfiber duster

Use a chip brush or microfiber duster to clean hard-to-reach areas, such as corners or areas with a deeper texture. Hold the brush/duster in one hand and the vacuum in the other to clean as you go.

Clean with soap and water

Lightly spray the area with a water and soap solution. Adding a few drops of dish soap is all you need. You do not want to soak the area, which may create water stains. Gently scrub with a soft sponge or roll with a clean, thick nap roller to pick up dirt in hard-to-wash areas. Do not rub hard, as this may damage or disturb the texture and push the dirt further into the texture, making the ceiling look dirtier.

Applying water to the popcorn ceiling may make the texture look dirtier by pushing the dirt around, forcing you to paint the surface. Be very selective with this step. Spray the water and soap mixture sparingly and lightly. This step could do more damage than good. Try to remove as much dust and dirt as possible without exposing the surface to too much water.

• Tip: Cut a sponge to a smaller size so it fits comfortably in your hand and can conform to the areas you want to reach.

If you have water stains, paint it

It is unlikely that any of these solutions will remove water stains. To fully remove them, you must paint the popcorn ceiling with a primer and then a flat or matte topcoat. You must understand that once you seal in your popcorn texture with paint, removing it will be much more difficult later. If you want a clean, fresh look, knowing the texture will remain, paint and seal it. This may be the time to consider hiring a professional to remove it.

FAQ

Can you clean textured tiles the same way you clean a popcorn ceiling?

Yes, acoustic ceiling tiles trap, dust, lint and cigarette smoke the same way a popcorn ceiling does. Thus, using a vacuum with a soft bristle brush, micro duster or thick nap roller will be effective.

Is it possible to successfully repair popcorn ceiling texture after damage?

Although it may require patience and finesse, repairing a popcorn ceiling is possible.  Retailers now sell non-toxic popcorn ceiling textures in a can for this purpose.  You will have to test the level of texture to achieve a patch that is not noticeable.  Start lightly and build up.

How do I clean grease trapped in my popcorn ceiling?

To remove grease from a popcorn ceiling, you must break it down. Spraying the grease on the ceiling with a mixture of two parts water, one part vinegar and a teaspoon of dish soap will help soften the grease and make it easier to lift off.  Over time, grease on any surface becomes sticky and adheres like an adhesive, making it very difficult to remove without scrubbing hard.  With a popcorn ceiling, scrubbing hard may damage the texture, resulting in further work to repair it. The last resort to deal with grease on a popcorn or textured ceiling is to paint it first with a primer and then with a flat sheen paint.

The post Clean Your Popcorn Ceiling in 5 Easy Steps appeared first on Family Handyman.

This is one of my favorite projects because it is simple yet significantly impacts tool organization. By painting the size markings on your chrome-plated sockets, you can quickly identify their sizes instead of struggling to see which one you are holding. Once you begin this process and experience how satisfying it is to avoid digging around for tools, you will likely feel motivated to apply it to all your tools, such as speed squares, wrenches, chisels, etc.

Clean the sockets

Clean off the sockets with a microfiber cleaning cloth. If any sockets have rust, you can mix baking soda and water to create a paste to remove the rust with a soft-bristle brush.

Apply paint marker to grooves

My socket wrench set has both standard SAE and metric sockets, so I decided to color-code them for better organization—using red for the standard SAE sockets and yellow for the metric. Be sure to buy paint markers or pens that are suitable for metal surfaces. I recommend the Markal brand, as they offer several color options, and their paint markers make it easy for the paint to seep into the engraved size markings.

Paint the indented engraved lines that indicate the socket’s size with the paint marker. Completely cover and fill in the grooves. You may need to make several passes to ensure they are full.

Attach the socket to the drill

Once the paint has dried, attach the socket to the drill using a socket adapter. The paint from paint markers usually dries pretty quickly.

Spray carb cleaner

Spray a small amount of carb cleaner onto a paper towel or shop rag. As carb cleaners are potentially hazardous, it is important that you work in a well-ventilated area.

Remove the excess paint

Wrap the carb-cleaner-dampened part of the towel around the socket, and start the drill while gently clasping the towel around the socket. As it rotates the carb cleaner will clean off the paint on the flat surfaces of the socket, but it will leave paint embedded deep within the lines, enhancing their visibility. You may need to repeat this process a few times to eliminate all the paint completely.

FAQ

What kind of paint marker should I buy for labeling sockets?

You will need a medium-tip paint marker that adheres to metal and allows the paint to seep into the socket label markings. Markal paint markers are a good choice.

How do I know what socket sizes are metric or standard?

Metric sockets are measured in millimeters and will be written as a whole number with the letters “mm” on the side of it (ex. 3mm). Standard sockets are measured in fractions of an inch or more and will be written on the sockets as a simple fraction, sometimes followed by “in.” (ex. 7/16 in.).

Other than paint, what can I use to mark sockets with?

Other than paint, you can engrave the sockets, label them with a label maker, or mark them with nail polish, permanent marker, or colored heat-shrinking tube to mark the sockets.

How to remove rust from chrome sockets?

Mixing baking soda with water to create a paste and scrubbing the socket can effectively remove rust. Soaking the rusty sockets in white vinegar before scrubbing can also help.

The post Make Chrome Sockets More Visible In Minutes With This Easy Hack appeared first on Family Handyman.

Kiss’s Gene Simmons has put his mansion on the market. The rockstar’s $14 million dollar Beverly Hills abode is a great example of a stunning celebrity mansion; one that’s fun just to look at (even if it’s wildly out of your price range). But this particular manor comes with some intense restrictions. Realtor.com reports that Simmons has a list of criteria he is looking for in a prospective buyer beyond just having the finances available to make the purchase. So, if you’re in the market for a 7,740-square-foot Beverly Hills mansion, find out if you’d make the cut.

What Is the Mansion Like?

According to Realtor.com, Simmons’ mansion was designed by the Swiss architect Roger P. Kurath. The architect wanted to highlight the views of the nearby landscape- namely the mountains, valleys and the ocean. To do this, Kurath opted for “glass, steel, oak wood and concrete elements.” He also incorporated “solar-power for pool and radiant heated flooring, eco-materials and fire-resistant, waterproof triple-panel windows” into the build.

Lisa Young, the listing agent from Compass, told Realtor.com that the mansion also features five bathrooms, 12-foot ceilings, a gallery space, a home theater, a 40-foot glass-like infinity pool, a half wall containing a fire pit that separates the chef’s kitchen from the living room, a 1,800-square-foot outdoor space with a second fire pit, a grill, ample seating, drought-tolerant landscaping and bronze sculptures. Simmons told Young that the ocean views from the bedroom are one of his favorite things about the home.

Why Is Simmons So Strict About Prospective Buyers?

Realtor.com reports that Simmons gave an interview with the Wall Street Journal about his selection process. In that interview, he revealed that he doesn’t want the new owners to “soil the happy memories he and his family have made inside its walls.” To that effect, he elaborates on his criteria, explaining that they include “no drugs, no alcoholics. I don’t want anybody coming in there who is going to destroy the place.”

Source

Rocker Gene Simmons Is Selling His Ultramodern Mansion for $14 Million—but He’s Set Very Strict Rules for Prospective Buyers, Realtor.com, 2025.

Gene Simmons of Kiss Lists Beverly Hills House for $13.99 Million, Wall Street Journal, 2025.

The post For $14 Million You Can Rock n’ Roll All Night in Gene Simmons Beverly Hills Mansion appeared first on Family Handyman.

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Keep your family organized with this charming chalkboard sign. The roughly 25 inches high by 23 inches wide sign includes seven compartments—one for each day of the week—and space to jot down meal plans, appointments and more. Pick one up for your kitchen or mudroom and pay just $19.88 during Decor Days. That’s an 80% savings!

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Square Arm Velvet Rectangle Sofa

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As we learned when testing the best sectional sofas, velvet is a very popular upholstery choice. It’s surprisingly durable and oh-so-stylish. This velvet sofa is an ideal addition to an apartment, media room or basement. The mid-century design sings in every detail, from the sleek lines to the brass legs. Not to mention, the olive color is absolutely to die for. Bring a sofa home for a whopping 40% off. You’ll save $200.

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Knit Throw Pillow

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Throw pillows are one of those home decor items that often come with sticker shock. A 20 x 20-inch pillow to display on a couch or chair costs how much? Luckily, this knit pillow that resembles a cozy, chunky sweater is 38% off right now. For just $24.99, you can outfit your whole living area with uber-soft acrylic pillows. The best part is that the case is removable from the insert for easy cleaning.

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Staub Cast-Iron Dutch Oven

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Cookware that lasts forever? Yes, please! It doesn’t get more durable than a Staub cast-iron Dutch oven. Made in France, this 4-quart vessel cooks meat, veggies, bread, stews and more to perfection. It’s oven-safe up to 500 degrees Fahrenheit with the lid, and up to 900 degrees without. I’ve been covering cookware on our sister site, Taste of Home, for years—and I’ve rarely seen a discount as deep as the 57% savings during Decor Days. Order one in a “citron” hue for just $149.99 for a sunny addition to your kitchen.

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18-Piece Cotton Bath Towel Set

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If you’re hosting guests anytime soon, you’ll want to stock up on towels. This massive 18-piece set is on sale for $90.99, and it covers all the bases. Score six each of bath towels, hand towels and washcloths in a plush, cotton fabric. Enjoy a 39% savings.

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3-Piece Duvet Cover Set

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Switching from bulky, hard-to-wash comforters to removable duvets was the best choice I ever made for my bed. This three-piece duvet set includes a cover and two shams. To clean, there is no more lugging to a laundromat. Simply remove the cover from the insert (sold separately) and wash as you would a sheet set. It’s easy—peasy—and a dream for anyone who deals with spring allergies or summer night sweats and needs to wash their bedding more regularly. Order one for $22.99, which is a 45% discount!

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Wall-Mounted Wine Rack

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Part art display and part storage solution, this wall-mounted wine rack keeps up to four bottles at the ready. The distressed wood finish and industrial metal rings make this rack a stylish addition to farmhouse kitchens. Plus, it’s easy to mount thanks to the included triangle hooks. Order one (or a few!) to keep your favorite bottles safe. The rack is 81% off, meaning you’ll pay just $14.88.

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Performance Pillowcases

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Decor Days is a great excuse to stock up on essentials, like this two-pack of pillowcases on sale for $12.99. If the 44% savings isn’t enough, know that the double-brushed microfiber fabric is incredibly soft and built to last. Sweet dreams await!

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Cane Chest of Drawers

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Cane rattan accents are proving to be timeless. And this stunning chest of drawers is an exquisite addition to a bedroom or walk-in closet. Three large drawers provide plenty of space for storing T-shirts and socks, while simple (yet stylish!) hardware offers easy access. Priced at $377.40 (which is a savings of 40%), this is a Decor Days deal you won’t want to miss.

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Herringbone Throw Blanket

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While it’s likely time to pack away the weighted and heated blankets, you’ll still want a soft throw to cozy up with on chilly spring nights. This herringbone blanket is a perfect choice, thanks to its lightweight and ultra-soft acrylic fabric. Other details, like fringe ends and four calming colorways, make this a stylish choice for any room. Pick one up for $21.99, or 45% off.

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Bamboo Tray Table

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Mother’s Day is just around the corner. And if you’re planning to serve mom breakfast in bed, you’ll need this bamboo tray table for a mess-free dining experience. The waterproof and scratch-resistant surface can hold a bounty of goodies, while a lipped edge ensures nothing goes overboard. Plus, the legs fold for easy storage. Enjoy for 20% off, or just $19.99.

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Gold Metal Bar Cart

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A 40% discount? We’ll drink to that!  I own a very similar gold bar cart, and it’s the perfect way to make a statement. This wheeled beauty with mirrored glass shelves can hold bottles, glassware, bar accessories—you name it. On sale for $149.40, it’s a worthy splurge that provides plenty of practical storage.

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Twin XL Sheet Set

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Yes, it’s only May. But if you have a kiddo heading off to college in the fall, it’s time to start stocking up on dorm essentials. This 6-piece twin XL sheet set includes flat and fitted sheets as well as four pillowcases for just $20.99. Available in multiple colors, the deep-pocket sheets will fit any mattress and the microfiber fabric is easy to wash. You can’t beat the 43% savings, either!

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The post Your Guide to The Home Depot’s Decor Days—Including 13 Top Buys appeared first on Family Handyman.

Ahead, a moving expert explains how to properly use bubble wrap and provides insights into how this essential moving material is made. They also share some information about the structure of bubble wrap, which features bubbles only on one side, and the consequences that you can potentially face if you opt to take the easy way out during the wrapping process.

How Is Bubble Wrap Made?

Bubble wrap is made from plastic, or more specifically, low or high-density polyethylene. “Bubble Wrap is typically made by melting and combining polyethylene beads into thin sheets,” explains Ross Sapir, the founder & CEO of Roadway Moving. “One of these sheets is formed over a roller with holes that create the bubbles by sucking air into them, while a second flat sheet is laminated on top to seal the bubbles in place.”

Why Is Only One Side of Bubble Wrap Bubbly?

Only one side of the bubble wrap bubbles due to the way it’s made: the second sheet is bubble-less because it’s flat to seal the bubbles of the first sheet in place.

Furthermore, Sapir adds that the flat side facilitates an easier moving, storing, stacking, and handling experience after it is wrapped around various objects. “This design also helps the bubbles stay intact longer by protecting them from direct pressure,” adds Sapir.

Does It Matter What Side You Use to Pack Delicate Items?

Yes, it does matter what side of the bubble wrap you use to pack delicate items. “The bubble side should face inward, toward the item you’re wrapping,” notes Sapir. This maximizes cushioning and prevents the item from directly hitting the hard surface of the outer wrap.” After all, the last thing you want is to invest in high-quality bubble wrap only to discover that you don’t know how to use it properly, causing damage to your fragile items.

How to Bubble Wrap

Having premium bubble wrap by your side is only as good as how it is wrapped. That said, knowing how to properly use bubble wrap is key. Sapir notes that bubble wrap should be used following the steps below:

• Place the bubble wrap on a flat surface with the bubble side up
• Center the item to be wrapped on the sheet.
• Completely encase the item in the bubble wrap, making certain that the bubbles come into contact with the object to absorb any vibrations or shocks that may cause impact.
• Use packing tape to secure the bubble wrap to your item.
• Double wrap extra fragile items if needed.
• Place the wrapped item in a box with cushioning via packing peanuts or crumpled paper.

About the Experts

• Ross Sapir is the founder and ceo of Roadway Moving. He has overseen the packing and protection of thousands of household and specialty items, including fine art and televisions during the 17 years he has been leading the team at Roadway Moving. He is knowledgeable about bubble wrap since it is one of the company’s most essential packing materials.

Sources

• Facilitiesservices.ufl.edu: “Film and Bubble Packs”

RELATED: 

• The Real Reason Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side 
• Think Adirondack Chairs Are Uncomfortable? You’re Using Them Wrong 
• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

The post Here’s Why Only One Side of Bubble Wrap Is Poppable appeared first on Family Handyman.

Planting seeds seems basic, and it is.  Dirt. Water. Seeds. However, options must be considered, and some knowledge must be applied for guaranteed success and diminished failures in the form of sprouts worthy of going in your yard and maturing to harvest.

Starting seeds indoors has benefits for different reasons.  Some vegetables, like tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, kale, lettuce, celery, cucumbers, summer squash, and most herbs, are referred to as “tender plants” because they can’t tolerate cold temperatures. Other vegetables, like artichokes, eggplant, and peppers, require a long growing season and will benefit from being started indoors to maximize harvest time. Overlapping with some of the above, some of these vegetables have slower root development, like peppers, eggplants, cauliflower, and celery. Starting these indoors allows for more growing time and makes them more likely to succeed when they are planted in the vegetable garden.

There are also plants that do not transplant well and are best started in the garden (or outdoors in larger containers). These include cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squash. These are all tender, however, so refrain from sowing them outdoors while frost is still a threat.

No matter the reason, most plants and vegetables can only win by being started indoors. Research the specific plant and seeds as you develop your green thumb.  Here are the steps for starting your seeds, along with some tips to have a bountiful harvest right in your backyard, perhaps starting in your basement or kitchen window. Cheers to your green thumb!

When to start seeds indoors

I have provided a reference for when to start seeds indoors for some of my favorite vegetables. The following are the times needed for each seed to grow into a transplantable plant for the start of the outdoor growing season.

• Artichokes: 8-10 weeks
• Brussels sprouts: 4-6 weeks
• Eggplant: 8-10 weeks
• Peppers: 8 weeks
• Tomatoes: 6-8 weeks

Soil to start seeds

Combine one part compost, one part vermiculite, and two parts coconut coir for an easy seed-starting potting mix. It is also acceptable to purchase seed-starting potting soil from a garden center.

Whether you make your own potting soil mixture or purchase some, it is usually fully dry. Add water to hydrate it. This will cause the soil to inflate and make it easier to break apart. Once it becomes soft and pliable, break it up with your hands or a small garden shovel, making sure all of the mix is hydrated and fluffy.

• Tip: Make sure the soil is moist before planting seeds to prevent them from being displaced or sinking too deeply into the soil mix.

Transfer the soil mixture

Fill potting trays or two-inch organic pods with the soil mixture. Fill to the top, but don’t compact the soil mix down too tightly. You want the seeds to have room to sprout without a lot of effort or energy spent finding their way.

Tip: Cardboard toilet paper rolls work wonderfully as a potting reservoir because they are organic, allow moisture to pass through, and are small enough to make a seed feel snug.

Plant the seeds

Excavate a hole in the center of the potting mix with the handle of your garden shovel or a small seed sowing tool. Be sure to read the specifications for each seed type to determine the depth.

You want your seeds deep enough to be covered and shallow enough to allow the shoot to find its way up and out of the dirt. Some seeds make it easy to determine which side of the seed is up and which is down.  If detectable, place the seed so the roots easily grow into the dirt and the sprout easily finds its way up.

Label your seeds

Use plant tags and a permanent marker and label your seeds. You may think you will remember which each is, but you may easily get them confused. It is crucial to know which sprouts are which to continue with the ideal light, water and temperature environment for a successful harvest.

Mist with water

After planting the seeds, you may lightly mist the soil mixture. Use a gentle spray of water to avoid displacing the seeds. You should also ensure an easy drainage path for the water to drain through the seed trays or pots.

Place on a heat mat

Seeds need warmth to grow—between 65 and 70 degrees F is ideal. Heating mats ensure the dirt is at an optimal temperature for growth. For this reason, plants should not be placed in the ground outdoors until the ground temperature is at a level that will allow the seeds to grow and flourish.

Once you have planted the seeds, place them on a heating mat until they sprout and start showing their first leaf, called cotyledons. Once you see these emerge, you can place the tray under light for 12 – 16 hours daily.

Introduce a grow light

Once the cotyledons have emerged, you may introduce grow lights. Seedlings need 12 to 16 hours of light daily. Place the grow lights about 4 inches away from the sprouts until they are ready to begin hardening for outdoor transplantation. Make sure the grow lights are not touching the leaves.

Start fertilizing

Once the sprouts develop true leaves, start fertilizing until they are ready to be transplanted. Fertilize sprouts every two weeks with ocean water (rich in nutrients) or a balanced fertilizer to encourage good roots and healthy growth. If using a water-soluble fertilizer, it is very important to use it diluted to one-half the normal strength.

FAQ

When it comes to starting seeds, what is a blackout period?

A blackout period, mostly used when growing microgreens, is a time when seeds or microgreens are kept in complete darkness to encourage specific growth processes. The length of the blackout period (two to seven days) depends on the variety of microgreens and the desired outcome. The blackout period encourages the development of root systems and longer stems, making the microgreens more tender and flavorful.

What does it mean to sacrifice a seed?

Some seeds, like beans, must be scratched (scarified) and soaked for 24 hours before planting. This will allow moisture to enter the seed and activate germination. This is easily done by scratching the outer layer and placing it in a Ziploc bag with water before putting it in the soil mix.

Why do some seeds (especially flowers) require refrigeration before planting?

Many wildflowers or plants that usually spend the winter buried in the ground getting ready for the spring need to experience cold stratification before planting. To replicate this cold period, this may be done by placing the seeds into the refrigerator or placing the seed packet outside for at least a month.

The post How To Start Seeds Indoors in 8 Simple Steps appeared first on Family Handyman.

The company announced the news in its first-quarter earnings report. Despite beating revenue expectations, Stanley reported a 3.2 percent dip in sales for the first three months of 2025.

How Much Will Stanley Black & Decker Raise Its Prices?

The company said in its quarterly report that it “implemented a high-single digit” increase as of April, and it plans to raise prices again in July.

Why Are They Raising Prices for Tools?

In one word: tariffs. Overall, the company said that it expects tariffs to drag earnings down by 75 cents per share this year. Raising prices is one of two measures they’re undertaking to help offset the impact.

Granted, it can be confusing to know exactly where rates stand for the tariffs the President imposed without Congressional authority, as of now those rates are as high as 145 percent on anything coming from China.

Tariffs are a tax on products and materials bought from another country. Companies importing those goods pay that tax, and it’s almost always passed along to consumers. In short, tariffs are a tax that you ultimately pay when you buy something (essentially a consumption tax).

A lot of tools are made in China and other foreign countries or source their parts from overseas, so don’t be surprised when other manufacturers have to start raising prices too.

Is Stanley Black & Decker Doing Anything to Avoid Higher Tariffs?

In an effort to work around some of the highest tariff rates, the company plans to accelerate “strategic adjustments to its supply chain with the objective of leveraging Mexico and reducing China tariff costs over the next 12-24 months.”

Currently, China is the source for 15 percent of Stanley Black & Decker’s supply chain. Moving more of its operations to North America could help, but Trump has also imposed a 25 percent tariff on goods from Canada and Mexico. However, some products from those two countries are exempt from tariffs if they comply with the USMCA trade agreement from 2019.

Like other companies, Stanley Black & Decker’s leadership also said that it plans to “proactively engage” with the Trump administration over the issue.

Will Tariffs Impact DIYers?

DIYers will feel the impact of tariffs acutely as these taxes hit nearly everything from car parts to lumber. Price increases won’t be limited to power tools.

If you’re needing to replace your tools, you probably shouldn’t wait.

The post Trump Tariffs Are Making Power Tools More Expensive appeared first on Family Handyman.

To do your part and save some money in the process, opt for water-saving strategies and practices when planning and cultivating lawns and gardens. Ahead, we share ten practical water-saving tips, with input from two lawn and garden experts: Ryan Mange from CMS Landscaping and Joe Churchill from Reinders.

Choose drought-tolerant plants

This tip applies to lawns and gardens. When planting lawns, choose drought-tolerant grass seed types like buffalo grass, tall fescue or fine fescue, which require less watering once established. In garden beds, opt for drought-tolerant plants such as lavender, yarrow, salvia and black-eyed Susan to reduce the need for watering.

Add a rain barrel (or two)

Attached to your home’s gutter system, rain barrels make it easy to divert rainwater to your garden or lawn. I always have at least one rain barrel on my property and use it to water my flower containers. It’s a simple way to cut down on municipal water use, especially during dry spells. Even a single storm can fill a barrel, providing a free and sustainable water source for days.

Mulch well

“Proper mulching of plants and garden beds helps reduce water loss due to evaporation and retain water in root zones of trees, shrubs and other garden plants,” Mange says. “Three to four inches of mulch is plenty, and be sure not to pile it up around the trunks of trees and shrubs.” Organic mulches like wood chips, straw or shredded leaves can also improve soil quality over time as they break down.

Plant native shrubs

In the garden, choose native plants shrubs and perennial flowers. These set deep root systems and are more likely to ride out a dry spell. Native plants are also better adapted to local soil and climate conditions, which means they typically need less water, fertilizer and maintenance overall. Choosing the right plants can make a big difference in water usage.

Add organic matter to soil

“Organic material in the soil provides sites for both water and nutrients to adhere and be available for roots or plants,” Mange says. If your soil is hard and dry, consider amending it with compost or aged manure. This not only improves water retention but also enhances soil structure and supports healthier root growth.

Replace grass with ground cover

Ground covers like pachysandra, vinka vine and ivy require little maintenance once established, and need little to no water. The areas of pachysandra in my yard have never been watered and look great year after year.

Install a smart irrigation system

A smart irrigation system includes ground sensors placed strategically throughout your lawn. “These sensors will sense when the soil under your lawn is dry and will engage the system only when water is needed. And, just as importantly, tell your irrigation system when it’s not needed and can take the day (or two or three) off,” Churchill says. These systems “lead to precise usage and way less waste and runoff than older irrigation systems or watering with a garden hose,” Mange says.

Raise the mower height

Longer grass blades shade the soil and reduce evaporation caused by direct sun exposure by keep the ground cooler during hot weather. In addition, maintaining a taller grass height encourages deeper root growth, which improves the lawn’s drought resistance over time. Raise your mower deck to 4-in. for cooler-weather grass and to 3-in. for warm weather grass.

Only water during ideal conditions

Early morning is generally considered the best time to water, as temperatures are cool and the grass has time to absorb the water through the day. “Try to stay away from watering during the midday when ambient temps are hot, and it may be windy,” Churchill says. If temperatures are 85 degrees or higher, most of the water evaporates before hitting the ground. This is Watering on windy days prevents water from reaching its intended target.

Plant a low-water lawn alternative

Low-water lawn alternatives are becoming increasingly popular in water-scarce climates like California and Arizona. While initial installation costs can be expensive, artificial lawns offer the benefits of real grass without any need to water. Another option is to plant grass-like ground covers like clover, creeping thyme and buffalo grass that stay green, can handle minor foot traffic and require little to no water.

About the Experts

• Joe Churchill is a Senior Turf Specialist with Wisconsin-based Reinders, a major distributor of lawn care products in the Midwest. He has over 25 years of experience in the turfgrass industry, is certified in Turfgrass Management with a B.A. in Geography and Horticulture from the University of Minnesota.
  
• Ryan Mange is a Lawn/Plant Health Manager at CMS Landscaping, a full-service lawn care and irrigation company in Holyoke, Massachusetts. He is also an International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborist.

The post 10 Water-Saving Tips for Your Garden and Yard appeared first on Family Handyman.

Burdock

With large, rough-textured leaves, burdock has distinctive, fast-growing foliage and pretty purple or pink flowers that look like thistles. The flowers later turn into burrs that cling to animals and clothing, helping the plant to spread prolifically. Growing to 4 to 5 feet tall in a single season, burdock is “considered invasive in North America, especially in the Pacific Northwest and Midwest,” Singh says. Manual removal is the best way to control burdock in your garden.

Fleabane

Fleabane resembles miniature daisies with their small purple, pink or white petaled flowers with yellow centers and long, narrow pointed leaves. Fleabane can be found in fields and roadsides, where it can rapidly spread and form clusters, especially in full sun. While not overly aggressive, fleabane will need management in a garden setting to control its spreading habit.

Besides its pretty purple flowers, fleabane can also be used as a bug repellant. “The leaves release compounds that are believed to help keep unwanted insects at bay,” Singh says. “It has been used to deter pests, including fleas (thus the name).”

Wild Violet

A low-growing ground cover, wild violet has heart-shaped leaves and small purple or white flowers. Violet can be quite invasive in lawns and garden beds. “Since they are perennials and readily produce large amounts of viable seed, these plants can become problematic and remain that way for quite a while if not managed early on,” Schmitz says. “Control can be difficult, depending on your comfort level with using chemicals.” I’ve found broadleaf weed killer to be the most effective method for controlling wild violet in my lawn.

Purple Deadknettle

Purple deadknettle produces small purple flowers and jagged, heart-shaped leaves that emerge from a single, central stem. Part of the mint family, it is a low-growing plant of 2 to 8 inches. One of the earliest plants to emerge in the spring, purple deadknettle is also an important food source for pollinators. “These plants are easily controlled via hand weeding in beds and rarely become an issue in turf because they are intolerant of mowing heights,” Schmitz says. “If you can tolerate them early in the season, it wouldn’t be a bad thing to let the bees have their fill before pulling these plants as other flowers come into bloom.”

Chicory

Often found in fields, meadows and along roadsides, chicory can be an attractive addition to a wildflower garden as well. Drought-tolerant and low-maintenance, it has delicate stems with purplish-blue, daisy-like flowers.

Chicory is considered an invasive plant in parts of the U.S. and can quickly take over if not carefully managed. “This stuff appears all over the place here in Maryland, where I live,” Singh says. “I see it pop up in different areas of my yard, near the driveway and along the road throughout the state.” Chicory also has medicinal properties and can be used as a coffee substitute.

Creeping Speedwell

This fast-growing ground cover produces small, purplish blue flowers on delicate stems. The opposite-oriented leaves have a rose-bud appearance on new growth and can be an attractive addition to a garden. Considered invasive in some states, creeping speedwell can become problematic if not closely tended to. It is very hardy and drought-resistant, and will grow in large patches reaching 3 feet wide.

Heal-all

Heal-all produces tall, cone-shaped clusters of small, purple or pink flowers on the top of single stems with oval, serrated leaves. A low-growing plant, the flower stems stand a bit taller than the foliage, at 6 to 12 inches. An attractive addition to gardens, Heal-all is a spreading ground cover that will need to be managed to prevent a takeover. “If left unchecked, this plant can form masses of plants and stolons stretching out along the ground. It can be pulled by hand, but it is a laborious task,” Schmitz says. “Chemical applications are able to control this plant rather effectively.”

Comfrey

With thick foliage consisting of spear-like, broad leaves, comfrey can be quite a presence in a garden, reaching heights of 2 to 4 feet. The real draw, however, is the clusters of drooping, bell-shaped purple, blue or pink flowers. If you want to add this to your pollinator garden, it will reach full size in a single season. However, it can be difficult to manage once established. Comfrey can thrive in less than ideal soils, and is drought-tolerant due to its deep tap taproots so it can be difficult to remove.

Aster

Another weed with purple flowers that is great for pollinators, asters produce small, star-shaped purple or white petaled flowers with yellow centers. They have slender, delicate leaves and stems with a clumping growth habit and can grow 2 to 4 feet tall. While not a rapid grower, once established Aster will spread through underground rhizomes. However, aster is a manageable plant in gardens, only requiring occasional splitting and cutting back.

Ground Ivy

Also known as Creeping Charlie, this opportunistic ground cover is commonly found in lawns and disturbed soil. Ground ivy produces small, purplish blue flowers and has foliage that mimics the look of clover. “It has the same square stems and attracts pollinators like other mints do, but there are few other redeeming qualities about this plant,” Schmitz says. “It crawls across the ground, rooting as it goes, creating an insidious sprawling mass of vines.” Manual removal and targeted broadleaf herbicide applications are the best methods to control this weed in beds and lawns.

About the Experts

• Samuel Schmitz is a full-time faculty instructor in the Horticulture Department at Triton College in Illinois. He was formerly Ground Operations Supervisor for Ball Horticultural Company for 16 years.
• Trisha Singh is the Vice President of Product at Garden for Wildlife, a program run by the National Wildlife Federation, which encourages wildlife-friendly gardening spaces. Trisha is a wildlife biologist who enjoys native plant gardening and helping to support others in their native gardening pursuits.

Sources

• Clemson College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, “Heal-all“

The post 10 Weeds With Purple Flowers appeared first on Family Handyman.

Ford F-150 Pickup Truck

One of the bestselling and popular vehicles of all time, the F-150 is a rare breed that begins its journey close to home and doesn’t travel far. To ensure the F-150 remains a “built in the U.S.A. vehicle,” Ford has invested billions of dollars in modernizing and making sustainable its Dearborn, Michigan and Claycomo, Missouri truck assembly plants—the F-150’s final assembly plants.

• The F-150 starts in either Lima or Brook Park, Ohio, where its engines are assembled.
• Transmissions are assembled in Ford factories in Livonia, Michigan, and Sharonville, Ohio.
• Many different brand tires come standard on the F-150, but virtually all the tires, even those by foreign tire manufacturers, are made in the U.S.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) data, 32 percent of the parts content comes from the U.S. or Canada.

NOTE: I spent a summer at Ford Electronics as part of a business and industry-sponsored “Educator In The Workplace” program. There, I saw first-hand how a Mass Air Flow Sensor was built and tested piece by piece for quality control before assembly. Circuit boards from China, thermal plastic housings from the U.S., heating elements from Europe, and temperature sensors and wiring harnesses were built inside the same facility.

Toyota Camry

Toyota is truly a global manufacturer of several popular vehicles, which is why three models are included in this list. Each Toyota has its own travel story, with final assembly plants located in any number of countries, including the U.S., Canada, Japan, Mexico, and China. Let’s begin with one of their best-selling cars, the Toyota Camry.

• For the North American region, Camry’s start and finish is being assembled in Georgetown, Kentucky, the largest Toyota production facility outside of Japan.
• The engine and drivetrain are made in the U.S.
• Toyota lists that 55 percent of Camry’s parts are manufactured in the U.S. or Canada.
• Japan is the other major country that supplies 30 percent of the Camry’s foreign parts content.

Toyota Tacoma 4X4

• Fifty percent of the Tacoma’s parts come from Japan or Mexico.
• Thirty-five percent of its parts, including the engine and transmission, come from the U.S. or Canada. (Building the majority of its drivetrains in the U.S. lowers Toyota’s production costs by standardizing platforms for various Toyota makes and models.)
• Thailand and India supply various electronic and metal components.
• All of the parts and components end up in Baja California, Mexico, for final assembly for the North American region.

Toyota RAV 4

• Seventy percent of RAV 4 parts are sourced from the U.S. and Canada, and like the Camry, the drivetrain is of U.S. origin.
• According to Huang, “copper used for wiring, electronics, and motors is produced in Chile, Peru, China, and the U.S.” Several manufacturers, including Toyota, use copper to maintain quality and costs when constructing their vehicles.
• Ontario, Canada, is the final assembly point for RAV 4 for the North American region.

Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra

• General Motors stalwarts, both of these trucks, which are virtually twins, have 37 percent of their parts sourced from the U.S. and Canada.
• Another 37 percent of their parts are sourced from Mexico.
• Huang adds that rare earth elements extracted from China, the U.S. and Australia are used in electronic components,” including engine and ABS (anti-lock brake) sensors, speakers, and battery management systems.
• The Silverado’s engine is sourced from Mexico, the transmission from the U.S., and the final assembly takes place in Roanoke, Indiana.
• The Sierra’s engine and transmission are sourced from the U.S., but the final assembly takes place in Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico, and could be regarded as an import.

General Motors uses several different factories to build these two trucks. This helps manage production and logistics costs, as well as enriching brand identity within different markets.

I’ve had the opportunity to visit two General Motors assembly plants, a vehicle assembly plant and an electronics assembly plant. Even with all my years in the industry, it was amazing to see rolls of sheet metal being formed, welded, painted, and then installed as fenders, doors, roofs, hoods and trunk lids. I was not surprised to see pallets filled with other parts shipped from not only General Motors/AC Delco, but from other countries and places around the world. At the electronics assembly plant, semiconductors attached on plastic rolls were “pressed” into circuit boards to build any number of electronic components. Most rolls were made in foreign countries.

Nissan Rogue

• Another global vehicle, parts from Japan and Mexico, including the engine and transmission, make up 65 percent of a Rogue’s parts.
• Nissan sources 25 percent of its Rogue parts from the U.S. and Canada.
• Parts and components from around the globe meet at Smyrna, Tennessee for the Rogue’s final assembly and distribution in the North America region.

“Car parts are sourced from manufacturers all over the globe,” says Mike Rocchi, retired former president of Faulkner Mazda. “Individual or unique parts from specialty manufacturers may be included with parts from other manufacturers to build a component. Globalization helps bring new vehicles and new technology to the market quicker while reducing overall operating costs for manufacturers.”

But Rocchi also adds that “it [globalization] also creates challenges, like controlling complex supply chains and safeguarding quality control across diverse manufacturing sites.” Remember, he says, “It took 18 months to resolve supply chain issues, especially computer chips, after the pandemic.”

Subaru Crosstrek

• The engine and transmission of the popular Crosstrek are sourced from Japan.
• The U.S. and Canada supply 45 percent of its parts, while 35 percent of components are sourced from Japan.
• Other parts, such as plastics used to build dashboards, door panels, or air vents are manufactured from crude oil refined in the U.S., Saudi Arabia, Russia and Canada.
• Rubber from Thailand, Indonesia, or Vietnam are sourced to fabricate tires, belts, hoses, and seals in the U.S. and Canada.
• Platinum and palladium from South Africa and Zimbabwe are used in catalytic converters to reduce exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines.

Tesla Y

• With 70 percent of the parts content for this popular electric vehicle coming from the U.S., including the drivetrain (gearbox and motor assembly), except for its battery, it is as close to an all-American car as there is.
• Mexico supplies 20 percent of the Model Ys parts.
• Other Tesla plants that support Model Y component manufacturing and production are located in China and Germany. The lithium and other minerals used to build Tesla’s high-voltage battery are sourced from Canada, China, Australia, Argentina, Chile, New Caledonia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• The Model Y high voltage battery and onboard charger, as well as vehicle final assembly, all take place in California.

Other Countries Where Cars May Travel

• Taiwan and South Korea supply microchips and semiconductors to virtually every major automobile manufacturer.
• The Philippines and Romania assemble and fabricate labor-intensive, complex wiring harnesses.
• According to Huang, “Luxury and high-performance models are usually assembled in their home markets. For example Germany for BMW, Italy for Ferrari, to preserve craftsmanship and exclusivity” before exporting to other countries.

FAQ

What defines an import versus a domestic brand?

“Historically, the location of the automaker’s headquarters and the origin of the vehicle’s production” are what have defined an import or a domestic vehicle, explains Rocchi. “General Motors, Ford and Chrysler are all considered domestic brands.”

He adds, “Due to globalization, some ‘domestic’ brands may use more foreign parts than an ‘import. Or, as we saw with some Chevrolet models, the final assembly takes place in Mexico. On the other hand, many import manufacturers, such as Toyota and Subaru, have manufacturing plants in the U.S. but are still considered imports because their corporate headquarters are based in countries other than the U.S.”

Although some domestic brands depend on foreign-made parts, many imports are now produced in the U.S. For practical reasons, the line between domestic and imported cars is blurred based on customer perception factors, not which country their vehicle was assembled or where the parts came from.

Experts

• Mike Rocchi has over 50 years of experience in every area of the automotive industry. He was former president of Faulkner Mazda (retired), Chairperson of the Mazda National Dealer Advisory Committee, and is now Director of Technical Training for the Faulkner Automotive Organization. (Phone and live interviews Mar 28, and Apr 1, 2025)
• Leon Huang attended Hunan University and is the CEO of RapidDirect, located in Shenzhen, China. Under Huang’s guidance, RapidDirect has become an ISO-certified, high-precision manufacturer focusing on speed, quality, and cost efficiency and is a global provider of custom manufacturing solutions to the automotive manufacturing industry. (Electronic communication Mar 23, 2025)

Resources

• All American Made: “Where Are Goodyear Tires Made? 2025 Overview” (Aug 19, 2024)
• Car And Driver: “The 25 Bestselling Cars, Trucks, and SUVs of 2024″ (Jan 8, 2025)
• Investing News Network: “Where Does Tesla Get its Lithium?” (Jan 21, 2025)
• New York Times: “The Problem With Car Tariffs: What’s an Import?” (Mar 26, 2025)
• NHTSA: “My2024 American Automobile Labeling Act (AALA) by Percentage Content” (Mar 31, 2025)
• USA Today: “No vehicles truly ‘Made in America” Bucks County Courier Times (Apr 1, 2025)
• CarsTrucksRoads: “The Globalization of Car Manufacturing: Impact on Production, Sustainability, and Competition” (Nov 11, 2024)
• AOL: “Steel and Aluminum Tariffs: How Will They Affect Car Prices?” (Apr 1, 2025)
• Cars.com: “How Will Tariffs Affect Car Insurance Costs?” (Apr 8, 2025)
• EconomicsHelp: “Definition of economies of scale” (Jun 28, 2019)
• One Money Way: “Mass Production” (Oct 24, 2024)
• All American: “Tires Made in the USA” (Jan 16, 2025)
• Money: “Your Next Car Could Cost 10% More” (Apr 1, 2025)
• USA Today: “Looking for an American-made vehicle?” (Apr 8, 2025)

The post Here Are All the Countries Where Your Car Is Actually Made appeared first on Family Handyman.

What Do Green Porch Lights Mean?

According to the United States Army Reserve, changing one porch light to a green bulb is part of the “Greenlight a Vet” campaign. This campaign was established to give people a way to show “visible national support for our veterans.” If all your neighbors’ porch lights are green, they’ve probably chosen that color as an aesthetic choice. However, a single green bulb most likely means the residents are participating in this campaign.

Why Green?

The United States Army Reserve explains that “green is the color of hope, renewal and well-being. ‘Greenlight’ is also a term commonly used to activate forward movement.” Given that veterans are often overlooked when they return home from their tour of duty, “the simple action of changing one light to green is intended to spark a national conversation regarding the recognition of veterans.” The hope is that by having a single green light up, neighbors will stop to ask about the light and start a conversation about veterans and their needs once they come home. It is also a way to “‘greenlight’ them forward as valued members of our communities.”

Is This Campaign Year-Round?

The informational poster distributed by the United States Army Reserve makes it clear that the campaign is intended to run in perpetuity. It’s not limited to Veterans’ Day, Memorial Day or any other holiday that acknowledges veterans. Rather, it’s intended to keep the conversation flowing at all times so that different communities can discuss, organize and support their local veterans.

Source

Greenlight a Vet, United States Army Reserve.

RELATED: 

• The Real Reason Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side 
• Think Adirondack Chairs Are Uncomfortable? You’re Using Them Wrong 
• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

The post If You See Green Porch Lights, Here’s What It Means appeared first on Family Handyman.

How Is GM Fixing This Engine Failure Problem?

GM “dealers will inspect the engine, and as necessary, repair or replace the engine.” They also say that “for vehicles that pass inspection, dealers will add higher viscosity oil, install a new oil fill cap, replace the oil filter, and update the owner’s manual.” Dealers will perform all these repairs free of charge, so don’t put off scheduling this maintenance.

Source

Engine Failure, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2025.

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• Do You Know What That Little Button on Your Seat Belt Is For? 
• What Those Lines on Your Backup Camera Really Tell You 
• Here’s What The Small Panel On Your Car’s Front Bumper Is For 

The post GM Recalls 600,000 Vehicles Over Defective Engines appeared first on Family Handyman.

“Safety is always of the utmost priority whenever doing any automotive work, whether you’re a novice or an expert,” says expert mechanic Alan Gelfand.

But also, so is convenience. If you’re just getting into fixing your own car, or upping your home mechanic game to the next level, getting the right jack will save you a lot of time and frustration.

Here’s how to pick the best car jack for your situation, plus pro-tips on safety and operation.

Scissor Jack

A scissor jack ($25-$80) is the basic, diamond-shaped jack that came with your car or SUV. Its main purpose is to allow you to change a flat on the side of the road. A scissor jack typically has a wider bottom and often a special top to lock onto a pinch weld on a unibody car, and when you hand-crank the handle, it moves a threaded rod.

“They are pretty safe if used correctly,” says master auto technician Chris “Moose” Pyle. “They can shrink down very small, they work fast, and they are lightweight.”

Pros

• Comes with most vehicles;
• Compact and lightweight;
• Can be easily stored in the trunk;
• Affordable.

Cons

• Slow operation;
• Limited height range;
• Less stable than other types;
• Limited weight capacity.

Safety precautions: “Never get under a car supported only by a scissor jack,” says Gelfand. “They’re designed exclusively for tire changes.”

Pro-tip: Lightly grease the screw mechanism periodically to avoid seizing.

Bottle Jack

If you have a higher-clearance or heavier vehicle, you might keep a bottle jack ($20-$100) on board or in your shop for tire changes and maintenance. Bottle jacks use hydraulic pressure to extend their ram straight up, usually by way of a hand pump, though some have air-powered cylinders.

“They can lift a crazy amount of weight,” says Pyle. “They are simple to use and very compact. However, the base and top of the jack are small, so they tend to sink into the ground, and the vehicle can fall off the jack if it moves excessively.”

Pros

• Very high-weight capacity for size;
• Compact design;
• Affordable;
• Heavy-duty ones can double for industrial applications.

Cons

• Requires higher initial ground clearance;
• Less stable base.

Safety pro-tip: “They can kick out if not placed on solid, level ground, so store a piece of plywood in your trunk as an emergency tool to create a solid surface for roadside repairs,” says Gelfand.

Rolling/Hydraulic Floor Jack

For most home DIY repairs, a floor jack ($50-$500) is the way to go. It’s like a bottle jack, but more stable, with a wider base and top. Roll it around by hand, then pump it up with a lever.

“They are designed not to be picked up, but still can be,” says Pyle. “The convenience is to just roll it around using the pump handle. This is the safest jack of them all, and most commonly seen in a shop”.

Pros

• Quickly lifts vehicles;
• Minimal effort;
• Relatively high lift capacity;
• Stable platform.

Cons

• Heavy and bulky;
• Can leak hydraulic fluid over time.

Safety precautions: Always use jack stands with floor jacks, check for hydraulic leaks before each use and never exceed its stated weight rating.

Pro-tip: “For European sports cars and lowered vehicles, select a low-profile model that provides about a 3-inch clearance,” says Gelfand.

Quick-Lift/Racing Jack

If you have the funds, you can upgrade your floor jack to an aluminum racing jack ($150-$1,000), which is lighter weight and often includes carry handles. These types of jacks use dual-pump mechanisms to lift vehicles quickly with minimal pumping.

“This is an investment worth making for car owners who tinker frequently, because this model features an easy-to-remove handle for improved storage,” says Gelfand.

Pros

• Extremely fast lifting;
• Lightweight aluminum construction.

Cons

• More expensive than standard floor jacks;
• Can be overkill for casual users.
• Safety pro-tip: Speed can lead to carelessness, so don’t forget that these still require jack stands for safety.

Service Jack

Professional auto service centers often use service jacks ($300-$1,500). They’re similar to floor jacks, but with pro-grade lifting capacities and higher-quality parts. Some models also use compressed air to activate hydraulic lifting ($200-$1,000+).

Pros

• Durability;
• Smooth, fast operation;
• Reliable for daily use and professional environments;
• Hydraulic versions minimize physical effort.

Cons

• Expensive;
• Unnecessary features for DIY repairs;
• Hydraulic versions require an external air compressor;
• Hydraulic versions are more complex, thus have more potential failure points.

Safety warnings: Despite being pro-grade, these still require proper jack stands. And if you’re using a hydraulic version, regularly check the air connections and hydraulic seals.

Pro-tip: “If your garage floor has uneven areas, then choose models featuring swivel casters installed on all wheels,” says Gelfand.

High Lift/Farm Jack

This multipurpose jack ($50 to $200) is popular with off-roaders as well as on farms. It doesn’t go under the car, but rather lifts it from the bumper, using a vertical rod with a notched lifting bar and moveable climbing mechanism. Each stroke of the handle moves it up around 1.5″, which means it can lift a lot of weight quickly, up to three or four feet in the air.

“They have more features than just lifting,” says Pyle. “A couple of guys can lift a jeep to max height and then push the jack and vehicle over to get the stuck tires out of ruts. It can be used vertically too, with chains attached to it, making it a come-along.”

Pros

• Extreme lift height, up to 60″;
• Versatile for off-road recovery;
• Can be used for winching.

Cons

• Requires steel bumper in some situations;
• Dangerous if used improperly;
• Heavy;
• Requires significant effort.

Safety warning: These are extremely dangerous if the handle slips, so they require careful attention when operating.

Pro-tip: Add a large baseplate accessory to prevent sinking in soft terrain, and never use this type of jack for standard vehicle maintenance, says Gelfand.

Transmission Jack

If you’re tackling a transmission swap, then this is your jack ($200-$1,000). It has an adjustable cradle, which is specifically designed to carry drivetrain components.

Pros

• Allows precise positioning;
• Specially designed for heavy, awkward components.

Cons

• Expensive;
• Single-purpose tool.

Safety warnings: Ensure the load is properly secured before moving, and check the hydraulic system regularly.

Pro-tip: Before removal or installation, always use ratchet straps to secure the transmission to the cradle, says Gelfand.

Jack Stands

Regardless of what type of jack you choose, jack stands ($20-$100) are an essential complement. They are designed specifically for safety, and once in place, offer firm support for vehicles raised into the air.

“The most essential safety rule, which applies to every type of jack, is that you should never depend solely on the hydraulic or mechanical lifting system to hold up a vehicle during maintenance work,” says Gelfand. “After lifting the vehicle, always move the weight to suitable jack stands.”

Pros

• Essential safety equipment;
• Inexpensive insurance against catastrophic failure.

Cons

• Additional step in the process that some people skip; Not buying a high-quality enough model for your vehicle’s weight capacity.

Safety warning: Never work under a vehicle without proper jack stands in place, and inspect the ratcheting mechanisms before each use. Before starting to work under a vehicle, double-check its stability and your jack stand placement. It’s also wise to keep a minimum of two pairs of jack stands with varying capacities around the shop.

About the Experts

• Alan Gelfand is owner of German Car Depot, an independent automotive service center in Hollywood, Florida. During his extensive career, he has used nearly every jack type for both professional work and in emergency situations.
• Chris “Moose” Pyle is a master-certified technician with 20-plus years of automotive experience. He has also worked as an expert for JustAnswer, the expert on-demand platform, since 2006.

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• What Those Lines on Your Backup Camera Really Tell You 
• Here’s What The Small Panel On Your Car’s Front Bumper Is For 

The post Which Car Jack Do You Need? A Breakdown of The Most Common Types appeared first on Family Handyman.

In general, to help mitigate the higher costs, compare prices, get multiple quotes, tackle projects now before tariffs are in full swing, or scale down your plans. While the higher costs are frustrating, a little urgency and creativity can help.

Here are some specific home projects that tariffs will impact, what experts expect in terms of price increases, and how to have it sting a little less financially.

Projects That Will Cost More Due to Tariffs

DIY Furniture

It’s no secret that lumber will get more expensive under the tariffs, and that includes both softwoods like Canadian pine, plus European hardwoods like white oak. Also, metal hardware, like European hinges and fasteners, with cost more.

“Even smaller DIY projects won’t be spared,” says Carrillo. “Some raw materials costs are likely to climb by 30% or more.”

For a DIY custom dining table:

• Cost before tariffs: $500
• Cost after tariffs: $650

To cut costs:

• Use reclaimed wood;
• Source from local sawmills;
• Simplify designs to use less material.

Aging-In-Place Projects

With the stock market and 401(k)s also taking hits, the price of home projects for retirees is becoming particularly daunting.

“Costs for renovations needed to help seniors age-in-place will increase because of tariffs imposed by the Trump administration,” says Neal K. Shah, CEO of CareYaya Health Technologies. “This will affect the lowest-income seniors the most.”

Examples include bathroom safety modifications like grab bars and walk-in tubs, widening doorways for wheelchair accessibility, wheelchair ramps, non-skid floors and accessible kitchen cabinetry and fixtures.

For a DIY wheelchair ramp:

• Cost before tariffs: $1,700
• Cost after tariffs: $2,000

To cut costs:

• Buy supplies early, giving top priority to grab bars and non-slip surfaces;
• Use composite decking materials made in the U.S., when possible;
• Think of reconfiguring rooms, instead of replacing;
• Look into short-term solutions, like non-slip mats;
• Talk to specialists about designing continued living at home;
• Remember costs for some evaluations might be covered by Medicare Part B.

Room Remodeling

In general, all home remodeling projects will increase in price. On the minor end, metal tariffs mean aluminum windows and doors will cost more. Paint and drywall are also projected to rise by 10% and 22%, respectively.

“Because Mexico supplies over 70% of American drywall, a tariff on this material translates directly to increased remodeling costs, as it is generally standard practice in today’s construction and doesn’t have a simple substitute,” says ADU contractor Paul Dashevsky.

For a dining room remodel:

• Cost before tariffs: $8,000
• Cost after tariffs: $9,500

To cut costs:

• Use vinyl windows, instead of aluminum;
• Lock in remodel costs now;
• Downscale projects.

Kitchen Makeovers

The cost of kitchen updates will rise, in part due to higher prices for appliances, which have both electric and sheet-metal components. Cabinet doors and panels will also go up.

“The majority of high-end MDF and veneer panels are manufactured in China and the EU,” says interior designer Alecia Taylor. “Refrigerators, ovens and dishwashers often have imported components, too, so expect a probable 5% to 15% price hike.”

For a kitchen makeover:

• Cost before tariffs: $25,000
• Cost after tariffs: $27,500

To cut costs:

• Use American-made countertop materials;
• Consider cabinet refacing instead of full replacements;
• Purchase energy-efficient appliances now, before increases hit retail;
• Look for scratch-and-dent appliance specials.

Bathroom Remodels

In bathrooms specifically, brace for higher costs on items like high-end bathtubs and faucets, which are imported from Germany and Japan. Ceramic tiles and aluminum-framed shower doors will also go up in price.

“Imported Italian and Spanish marble vanities and shower surrounds will see a 20% added cost,” says Taylor. Lighting and smart features, like imported smart showers and LED mirrors will also be more expensive, thanks to the tariffs on electronics.

For a bathroom remodel:

• Cost before tariffs: $10,000
• Cost after tariffs: $11,500

To cut costs:

• Use domestic quartz or porcelain in place of imported marble;
• Swap in more affordable materials like vinyl tiles;
• Buy fixtures in advance before suppliers hike prices;
• Look for closeouts on older warehouse models.

Car Repair and Tools

Experts expect car parts to rise significantly due to steel and aluminum tariffs. Electronics tariffs will also cause the price of power tools to go up by a projected 15 to 20%, says Carrillo. “Car repairs are already feeling the strain,” he says.

For a DIY radiator replacement:

• Cost before tariffs: $500
• Cost after tariffs: $750

To cut costs:

• Act now on non-DIY repairs before costs go up;
• Buy parts now for DIY repairs you know you’ll eventually need, like brake pads;
• Explore used and aftermarket parts.

DIY Pet Enclosures

Brace for sticker shock if you have a doghouse or catio on your to-do list. Wood and metal tariffs mean that regardless of your design, it’s going to cost more.

“Metal doghouses will see the steepest increases,” says Baltimore-based contractor Yaeir Moinzadeh. “Simple items, like roofing felt and wood preservatives, will also be affected by these broad tariffs.”

For a DIY wooden doghouse:

• Cost before tariffs: $250
• Cost after tariffs: $300

To cut costs:

• Choose composite materials made in the U.S., over metal components;
• Use scrap wood and metal, or other up-cycled materials;
• Choose a simpler design or a prefab kit that was manufactured before the tariffs.

New Roof

Yep, roofs are no exception to projects that will be impacted by tariffs. Steel and aluminum roofing panels and siding will be the hardest hit, but asphalt shingles will rise, too, along with flashing and gutters.

“Even smaller components like nails and adhesives are seeing price hikes because of supply chain disruptions and higher raw material costs,” says Robert O’Sullivan, a roofing contractor in Massachusetts.

For a new asphalt shingle roof:

• Cost before tariffs: $18,000
• Cost after tariffs: $19,800

To cut costs:

• Act quickly, before material costs go up;
• Lock in replacement deals at current prices;
• Consider alternatives like synthetic slate or composite shingles.

And in general, “Keep aside extra funds for unexpected expenses,”says O’Sullivan. “Many contractors offer financing plans to spread the expenditures in a structured way so that it doesn’t feel like a burden. So, go for them!”

Swimming Pools and Driveways

According to Dashevsky, over 25% of cement and concrete are imported from Canada and Mexico, so tariffs on those products directly affect the cost of walkways, driveways and pool construction.

In addition, projects such as these that are more labor-intensive and less DIY-able could also see a rise in contractor rates because of increasing labor shortages. Non-citizen immigrants make up around 40% of concrete construction workers, and fear of deportation and actual deportation due to new immigration policies and enforcement is expected to drive up wages.

For a new swimming pool:

• Cost before tariffs: $60,000
• Cost after tariffs: $69,000

To cut costs:

• For driveways, consider alternate surfaces such as gravel and pavers;
• For sidewalks, consider repairing vs. replacing surfaces;
• Contract pool projects now, before prices rise.

New Deck

No surprise that the costs of adding a wooden deck and outfitting it with style will also be on the rise. That’s because, “for a standard wooden deck, we would use softwood lumber from Canada,” says construction manager Docia Boylen. “Plus, outdoor furniture and decorative items are expected to increase in price by 10% to 15%.”

For a new deck:

• Cost before tariffs: $15,000
• Cost after tariffs: $17,250

To cut costs:

• Look into locally-sourced woods;
• Consider composite materials, especially those manufactured in the US like Trex.

DIY Home Repairs

In general, expect prices on all home repair materials to rise, especially with plumbing, electrical and HVAC.

“South American copper faces higher tariffs, affecting plumbing and electrical supplies,” says Taylor. Also “the majority of heating and cooling units contain imported European compressors and Chinese circuit boards.”

For a basic DIY water-heater piping repair:

• Cost before tariffs: $40
• Cost after tariffs: $46

For a new HVAC system:

• Cost before tariffs: $7,500
• Cost after tariffs: $8,700

To cut costs:

• Repair and replace old systems sooner than later, before prices rise;
• Buy domestically assembled sets if available.

New House Construction

Beyond home projects, the cost of lumber for framing a new single-family house expected to rise by around $9,200, estimates the National Association of Home Builders. “The good news is that we haven’t seen the prices increase at the supply houses yet,” says construction manager Mike German. “It may be worthwhile to purchase items for a summer project in advance in anticipation of the change,”

Cost of one framing 2×4:

• Cost before tariffs: $4
• Cost after tariffs: $5.6

To cut costs:

• Negotiate contracts and lock in prices early;
• Consider a simplified architectural design and smaller square footage;
• Get creative with less-conventional building and materials approaches.

About the Experts

• George Carrillo is CEO and co-founder of the Hispanic Construction Council (HCC).
• Paul Dashevsky is Co-CEO at GreatBuildz.com and MaxableSpace.com, a company specializing in ADUs.
• Robert O’Sullivan is the founder and a roofing contractor at Ranch Roofing Inc., in Arlington, Massachusetts.
• Neal K. Shah is CEO of CareYaya Health Technologies, and known as “America’s Chief Elder Officer.”
• Alecia Taylor is an interior designer at CabinetNow.com.
• Yaeir Moinzadeh is a licensed contractor and owner of Blue Rise Roofing in Baltimore, Maryland.
• Docia Boylen is owner of Handyman Connection of Golden, Colorado, and was honored with several awards at the 2024 Handyman Connection Annual Conference.
• Mike German is the owner of Handyman Connection of Parker, Colorado.

RELATED: 

• The Real Reason Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side 
• Think Adirondack Chairs Are Uncomfortable? You’re Using Them Wrong 
• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

The post 12 Home Projects That Will Cost More Due to Tariffs appeared first on Family Handyman.

In the post, he wrote that one of his supplier stated: “Our company has been in business for almost 30 years and we have never seen such drastic price changes across the board in such a short amount of time.”

In the post’s comments, a pipefitter noted that supplier Nibco said valve prices would go up by 40%. Other contractors wrote that customers were canceling projects and pushing back start dates because of the tariffs on steel and other materials, including wood, drywall and more.

“As someone who works on a daily basis with homeowners on kitchen and bath renovations, I can confirm that suppliers are already priming us for price adjustments coming in May,” says interior designer Alecia Taylor. “It’s not just high-end shower units or faucets that are being targeted; even basic plumbing fixtures and components are being affected.”

Master plumber and business owner Aaron Adams says he has been getting many questions from his customers about how the tariffs are impacting steel and other materials prices. “We have already received our first notices of price increases, and we’re confident that many more are coming,” he says. “While we’ll do our best to absorb as much of this cost as possible, at some point, our price will need to increase as well.”

The additional tariffs on steel, which are being put in place by the current Presidential administration, are impacting plumbing primarily because the U.S. gets much of its steel from Canada, Mexico and Brazil. Delta, Kohler and Nibco did not respond to Family Handyman’s request for comment, but numerous contractors verified the price hikes.

Plumbing distributor heavyweight Ferguson Enterprises told Family Handyman that while they strive to maintain competitive pricing for customers and find alternative products, “As Ferguson receives price increase notifications from our manufacturer partners, we immediately implement those price increases,” communications director Carey VonOhlen wrote in an email. “Every business in our industry is impacted by the current, constantly evolving tariff landscape, resulting in volatile pricing that changes day by day and hour by hour.

While these hikes will affect everything from new commercial construction projects to school updates and maintenance, it is low and middle-income households who will likely feel the impacts the most acutely, says George Carrillo, CEO of the Hispanic Construction Council.

“Even modest increases on everyday fixtures, like Peerless shower heads, can stretch tight budgets,” he says. Carrillo also voiced concern about contractors and small construction firms facing significant hurdles as these rising costs cut into their already slim margins and limit their ability to plan effectively. “With global economic policies continuing to influence material costs, this development may signal a long-term shift in pricing across the home improvement industry,” he said.

Beyond raising the price of plumbing — and nearly every other construction and home-improvement material — the tariffs have also destabilized the construction industry as a whole, say many contractors.

“What’s more concerning is that many large-scale projects, especially new builds and multi-unit developments, are being paused or re-evaluated,” says Taylor. “The unpredictability is creating a ripple effect for contractors and designers.”

Small business lender Ben Johnston said this problem is unlikely to reverse anytime soon, if at all. “Given the magnitude of these new tariffs, there is no question that housing will be more expensive to build, maintain and improve for Americans in the coming months,” he says. “We can expect these tariffs to both spur inflation and lower overall consumption, slowing the economy.”

About the Experts

• George Carrillo is CEO of the Hispanic Construction Council (HCC).
• Alecia Taylor is an interior designer at CabinetNow.
• Carey VonOhlen is director of communications for Ferguson Enterprises.
• Aaron Adams is a master plumber and CEO of Aaron Services: Plumbing, Heating, Cooling in Suwanee, Georgia.
• Ben Johnston is COO of Kapitus, a small business lender and marketplace.

RELATED: 

• The Real Reason Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side 
• Think Adirondack Chairs Are Uncomfortable? You’re Using Them Wrong 
• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

The post Your Next Bathroom Upgrade Will Cost Way More—Here’s Why appeared first on Family Handyman.

Coffee Grounds

At the top of this list of what not to flush down a septic tank is a common kitchen waste item that doesn’t readily dissolve. “Coffee grounds don’t break down and can add a sludge buildup,” advises Shaylin King, a licensed plumber. They sink to the bottom of the tank and pile up, reducing the amount of space in the tank for water. The same goes for eggshells.

What happens if you flush them

If you flush coffee grounds, you won’t notice the effects immediately, but your tank will fill up faster than it should, and you’ll have to have it pumped more often.

You’re unlikely to have a problem if you flush coffee grounds once or twice, but don’t do it regularly. The more often you flush grounds, the faster your tank will fill and the sooner you’ll have to pump it.

Safer alternatives

Put coffee grounds (and eggshells) in the trash or, better yet, use them as garden fertilizer. If your waste management service separates compostable items from landfill, put these items in with the compost.

Antibacterial Soaps

Antibacterial soaps kill beneficial bacteria in the septic tank, according to Omarr Picken, a plumber from Australia, and Ian Wood, a drainage and plumbing expert from the UK.

What happens if you flush them

If you use these soaps for washing and cleaning, and then flush them down the toilet or pour them into the sink drain, you’ll hinder the tank’s ability to decompose organic matter. The undigested matter ends up adding to the sludge layer or possibly even clogging the system.

Safer alternatives

If you flush antibacterial soap, you can’t undo that action, so — since you’re on a septic system — the best course is to switch to a non-antibacterial soap product.

Medications

Flushing medications you aren’t using seems like an easy way to get rid of them, but they also belong on the list of what not to flush down a septic tank. “Medications being flushed down into the septic tank can cause a disruption in the natural bacterial ecosystem inside the tank,” says Shaylin King, who is a licensed plumber.

What happens if you flush them

Medications, especially antibacterial ones, can cause the same problems as antibacterial soaps, namely sludge buildup and clogging. Moreover, the ones that dissolve can flow into the drain field and contaminate the groundwater.

Safer alternatives

It may seem like a lot of trouble, but the safest way to dispose of medications is to collect them and dispose of them as hazardous waste.

Harsh Cleaning Chemicals

Harsh cleaning chemicals like bleach are known for their ability to disinfect, and that may be a good thing for a swimming pool, but it’s bad for a septic tank or a drain field.

What happens if you flush them

“Folks don’t think about things like bleach or harsh cleaning chemicals and often do flush these into a septic system – these disrupt the good bacteria balance that is needed for a well maintained septic system,” advises Yesenia Soto, whose job is to research and develop drain cleaning products. What’s more, when they make it to the drain field, they can interfere with the organic balance of the soil.

The experts I interviewed all agreed that bleach probably won’t do any damage in small amounts, so don’t worry if you flush it once or twice, but don’t make a habit of it.

Safer alternatives

If you don’t have an alternative way to dispose of harsh cleaners, consider using alternative cleaning chemicals like vinegar, baking soda or hydrogen peroxide.

Cooking Oils/Fats

“Definitely avoid introducing cooking oils or fats” into your septic tank, cautions Soto. “This can create a blockage in your septic system.”

What happens if you flush them

Oils and fats don’t dissolve. They float on the surface of the water and eventually flow into the drain field, where they end up clogging the soil and hindering its percolation properties. When the odorous water can’t drain, it remains on the surface of the ground and slowly evaporates, broadcasting sewer smells in all directions. The only remedy is to move the drain field, which will be complicated and costly.

Safer alternatives

Allow oil, grease and fat to cool and solidify, then put it in a container and dispose of it in the trash.

Paint and Paint Solvents

Who hasn’t washed their paintbrush in the sink? By itself, this probably won’t do much damage, but in general, paint and paint solvents belong on the list of what not to flush down a septic tank.

What happens if you flush them

Liquid solvents and water-soluble paints end up in the drain field, where Soto warns they can contaminate the groundwater. She cautions to avoid even flushing acetone-based nail polish remover.

Oil-based paints that don’t dissolve will sink to the bottom of the tank and add to the sludge layer.

Safer alternatives

Collect used paint and solvents in appropriate containers and dispose of them as hazardous waste.

Flushable Wipes

Don’t be fooled by the label “flushable” if you’re on a septic system. “Certain “flushable” wipes, do not break down that well and can cause blockages,” advises Picken.

What happens if you flush them

When flushable wipes don’t dissolve, they can clog the outflow pipes to the drain field and ultimately cause septic water to back up into the house. Moreover, any disinfectants with which they are treated can disrupt the chemical balance in the tank.

Safer alternatives

Flushable or not, put your used wipes in the trash.

Dryer Sheets

My house is on a septic system, and the dryer is in the main bathroom. That makes it tempting to flush used dryer sheets in the toilet, but we never do that. Some people do, though, and that’s a no-no.

What happens if you flush them

“Dryer sheets can clump and cause backups,” says King. Moreover, the chemicals with which they are treated, including sulfate salts, act as disinfectants and disrupt the chemical balance of the tank. Dryer sheets also contain nitrogen, which is a leading contributor to algae bloom that contaminate groundwater, according to Tri County Septic.

Safer alternatives

Put used dryer sheets in the trash.

Cat Litter

Adding traditional cat litter to the list of what not to flush down a septic tank is a no-brainer, but some products are advertised as flushable and even septic-safe. However, Wood warns: “Things like cat litter (even the flushable stuff) can clog up your system or mess with the bacteria balance.”

What happens if you flush it

Even if cat litter is flushable, there’s no guarantee all of it will dissolve, and what doesn’t dissolve will settle into the sludge layer or possibly clog the outflow pipes and cause a septic backup.

Safer alternatives

Save the litter bag, use it to collect the used litter, and throw it away in the trash.

Washing Machine and Dryer Lint

Wood flagged washing machine and dryer lint as additions to the list of what not to flush down a septic tank, and if you’ve ever had a drain clogged by lint, you’ll know why. Lint, like hair, can get caught in pipe joints and provide a substrate on which other things can collect.

What happens if you flush it

The lint that floats can flow into the outflow pipes and cause clogs. Lint that doesn’t float sinks to the bottom of the tank and unnecessarily adds to the sludge layer. If your tank has a transfer pump, lint can gum up the pump mechanism.

Safer alternatives

Throw lint away in the trash.

Heavy Duty Drain Cleaners

Picken cautions against flushing heavy-duty drain cleaners, which typically contain highly caustic chemicals like sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. They have the same effect on the bacterial balance in a septic tank as disinfectants and antibacterial soap, only more so.

What happens if you flush them

Alkaline and acidic drain cleaners work by dissolving organic matter, which is great for cleaning drain pipes but terrible for the microorganisms that promote digestion in a septic tank. When used in enough quantity, they can turn the contents of the tank into a stagnant mess. Besides that, they can also corrode metal pipes and pipe fittings.

Safer alternatives

If you’re on a septic system, you should avoid using harsh drain cleaners altogether. Use slower-acting and safer enzymatic drain cleaners. Soto recommends Green Gobbler Septic Saver Pods to help replenish beneficial bacteria and introduce enzymes. Other popular brands include Drano Max Buildup Remover (not the original Drano crystals, which contain sodium hydroxide) and Liquid-Plumbr Pro Strength Clog Destroyer Gel.

Dental Floss

Picken also cautions against flushing dental floss.

What happens if you flush it

Like hair and lint, dental floss doesn’t dissolve, and it can catch on fittings inside the tank and on outflow pipes where it collects other debris and causes clogs. It will also gum up the mechanism of your transfer pump, if you have one.

Safer alternatives

Throw dental floss away with the trash, or check out these creative uses for using it around the house.

About the Experts

• Yesenia Soto works in research and development at Green Gobbler.
• Omarr Picken has been a plumber for 30 years. He is the founder of OP Plumbing Services PTY LTD based in the Sydney, Australia.
• Ian Wood is a UK-based plumbing and drainage specialist who works for Reactive Plumbing & Drainage Ltd.
• Shaylin King is the owner of Mr. Rooter Plumbing of Eastern Washington, a Neighborly company.

Sources

• PubMed: In vitro effects of simulated gastric juice on swallowed metal objects: implications for practical management; (1997)
• Tri County Septic: Fabric Softeners, Dryer Sheets and Septic Systems; (2019)

RELATED: 

• The Real Reason Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side 
• Think Adirondack Chairs Are Uncomfortable? You’re Using Them Wrong 
• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

The post 12 Common Household Items That Will Ruin Your Septic Tank appeared first on Family Handyman.

What Is Hairy Bittercress?

Hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta), or Lamb’s cress, flickweed, spring cress, or wood cress, is a low-growing, fast-spreading annual weed. Lawn care professional John D. Steiner explains that the plant belongs to the mustard family and thrives in cool, moist, shaded environments.

Hairy bittercress is native to Europe and Western Asia but has naturalized throughout much of North America. It grows readily in USDA hardiness zones 4 to 8. While it’s a winter weed that’s most prolific from late fall through early spring, it can linger year-round when conditions are ideal.

What Does Hairy Bittercress Look Like?

Are you unsure if it’s weedy, hairy bittercress emerging in your lawn? Steiner explains that this small, low-growing plant features pinnately compound leaves that divide into smaller, rounded or kidney-shaped leaflets.

“The plant produces small, white, four-petaled flowers, which develop into slender, elongated seed pods that burst open when mature, dispersing seeds explosively,” he says. Developing like a dandelion in a basal rosette, the leaves range from half an inch to one inch in size, and the flowers reach 3 to 9 inches tall.

Why Is Hairy Bittercress a Problem?

“Hairy Bittercress can be difficult to control due to its rapid lifecycle and high seed production,” Steiner says. “It completes its life cycle in just a few weeks, allowing multiple generations per year in favorable conditions.” He explains that even when conditions aren’t ideal, the seeds can remain viable for years in the soil, making eliminating these weeds from your lawn challenging.

Hairy bittercress seed pods, known as silique, contain as many as 30 seeds. When ejected from the pod, the seeds can land up to 16 feet away. This means you might treat one patch of lawn, only to discover these plants popping up on a separate patch later in the season. Plus, the seeds don’t have any dormancy requirements (a period of time when the seeds can’t germinate—even when conditions are right), and they germinate rapidly, reaching maturity and reseeding within five weeks.

The small, sticky seeds cling to containers and the underside of shoes, so you might not realize you’re bringing them home from a nursery or riverside walk, allowing them to spread into your yard sneakily.

How To Prevent Hairy Bittercress

Fortunately, there are some simple strategies you can employ to help prevent hairy bittercress from taking over your lawn or borders.

Promote a healthy lawn

A thick, healthy lawn not only looks good, it blocks out the light and space that hairy bittercress seeds need to germinate.

Plant genetics expert Matthew Koch recommends using a 3-in-1 grass seed, fertilizer and soil improver mix to help fix a patchy lawn. He also cautions against overwatering and suggests aerating your soil to break up compacted ground and improve drainage. “Since hairy bittercress prefers damp conditions, addressing excess moisture can make your lawn less hospitable to it,” he says.

Plant a dense ground cover

If you’re worried about hairy bittercress taking hold in non-lawn areas of your landscape, consider selecting a densely growing, low-maintenance ground cover, like thyme, that can choke out those unwanted weeds. Another option is to add a deep layer of coarse-textured mulch or some gravel.

Avoid spread from nursery plants and pots

Always wash out any nursery containers you plan to reuse to minimize the chance of stowaway sticky seeds spreading to your soil. Also, before planting any new greenhouse-propagated plants, check their soil for signs of germinating hairy bittercress sitting alongside them.

Minimize soil disturbance

Steiner recommends only digging or tilling your garden when absolutely necessary. “Disturbing the soil can bring buried seeds to the surface, triggering germination,” he says.

How To Get Rid of Hairy Bittercress

If your preventative strategies haven’t kept hairy bittercress at bay, here are some methods for getting rid of this weed.

Pre-emergence control

Applying a pre-emergence weed control product in late summer or early fall prevents those persistent seeds from germinating. “Several pre-products (dithiopyr, isoxaben, and oryzalin) have activity on hairy bittercress in turfgrass,” Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Grady L. Miller says. Application instructions vary, so always carefully read the label, and don’t expect these products to work on emerged plants.

Post-emergence control

When you want to get rid of hairy bittercress that’s already established, you can apply selective or non-selective weed control products. “Post control can be achieved with several applications of mixtures of 2,4-D, carfentrazone, dicamba, MCPP, MCPA and/or sulfentrazone,” Miller says. “Other post options included atrazine/simazine (where appropriate/labeled), imazaquin, metribuzin, metsulfuron, triclopyr (alone or in combination with other broadleaf control products such as fluroxypyr or 2,4-D).”

It’s best to apply these products before the plant produces seeds, and always check the label for application instructions and to ensure it’s suitable for use on your lawn.

Pulling manually

Pulling these shallow-rooted weeds by hand or with a tool is a more time-consuming, physical removal method, but it’s a natural way to kill weeds and means you won’t risk damaging the surrounding lawn or ornamental species.

“Hand-pulling is most effective in moist soil when the roots can be easily extracted,” Steiner says. He also recommends doing this before plants flower and set seeds.

Regular mowing

Don’t panic if you’re not quick enough with chemical controls and there are too many hairy bittercress plants on your lawn to pull manually. “Regular mowing before the plant flowers prevents its seed pods from exploding and spreading seeds,” Koch says.

FAQ

Is hairy bittercress poisonous to animals?

Hairy bittercress is not poisonous to animals, so you don’t have to worry about your dog or pet rabbit nibbling on any untreated weeds appearing on your lawn. The leaves are actually edible, and their mild, peppery flavor makes them popular salad additions.

About the Experts

• Matthew Koch is the Director of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Seed at Scotts and has a PhD in plant genetics and breeding from Rutgers University.
• John D. Steiner is the Regional Manager for NaturaLawn of America. He is a licensed, seasoned lawn care professional with over 38 years of experience.
• Grady L. Miller, PhD, is a Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist in the Crop and Soil Sciences Department at North Carolina State University. His research activities are centered on cultivar evaluation, irrigation practices, turfgrass nutrition, and athletic field maintenance practices.

The post Hairy Bittercress: How to Identify and Get Rid of It appeared first on Family Handyman.

I spoke with two turfgrass experts to understand how much to water lawns to keep them looking lush and what factors influence watering frequency and volume.

How Much Should I Water My Lawn?

“Most lawns require about 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation,” John Kaminski, Associate Professor of Turfgrass Management in the College of Agricultural Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University, explains. Also, it’s best to water deeply and slowly once or twice a week rather than a light daily watering, which won’t support the development of deep grass roots.

However, while this is a helpful guide, the optimal amount and frequency depend on various factors.

What Factors Influence How Much To Water My Lawn?

Grass species, soil composition and seasonal conditions all play a part in how much to water your lawn.

Lawn type

The species of turfgrass you select can influence how much you water your lawn at different times of the year. “Cool-season grasses (like Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue) tend to need more water during hot, dry summers,” Kaminski says. “Whereas warm-season grasses (like bermudagrass or zoysiagrass) are more drought-tolerant, but still benefit from consistent moisture in peak summer.

Lawn age

A newly seeded lawn requires more frequent, shallower watering than an established lawn.

Season

Slow, deep watering once or twice a week is usually ideal during the summer months. “This approach encourages grass to develop a deeper root system, making it more resilient to heat and drought,” Kaminski says. He recommends allowing the water to penetrate at least 6 to 8 inches into the soil. “In spring and fall, when temperatures are cooler, you can usually cut back on watering unless it’s particularly dry,” he says.

Soil composition

Fast-draining sandy soils may need more water, more regularly than slow-draining clay soils, which hold moisture for longer.

Other environmental conditions

While you would expect to give more water in hot, dry regions, it’s not just temperatures that affect the rate of water required for your lawn.

“The most important [environmental] conditions are radiant energy (sunlight), atmospheric vapor pressure (relative humidity), temperature, wind movement, and available soil moisture,” Grady Miller, professor and extension turf grass specialist, explains. “Minimal water is used under dark, cloudy days with high relative humidity, low temperatures, and little to no wind.”

You need to provide the most water for your lawn during bright sunny spells with low relative humidity, high temperatures and moderate to high winds.

How Much Should I Water a Newly Seeded Lawn​?

When watering new grass seeds, you need to do this frequently and shallowly. This ensures even moisture on the soil surface, allowing the seeds to germinate and establish roots. “[Watering] 2 to 3 times per day for the first couple weeks helps prevent the seedbed from drying out,” Kaminski says. “Once the seedlings emerge and begin developing roots, you can gradually reduce the frequency and increase the depth of watering to encourage deeper root growth.”

Signs You Are Underwatering Your Lawn

While yellow or brown patches on your lawn are well-known signs that it isn’t getting enough water, it’s good to look for earlier signs you are underwatering. That allows you to remedy things before you need to fix a patchy lawn.

Kaminski suggests looking for subtle signs of wilting and discoloration. “Grass blades that turn a dull bluish-green or begin to curl are often moisture-stressed,” he says.

He also recommends the “footprint test.” “If your footprints stay visible on the lawn for more than a few minutes, it’s a sign the grass isn’t springing back and may need water.”

What Are The Signs I Am Overwatering My Lawn?

Signs of an overwatered lawn can be similar to an underwatered one—in that it can also turn yellow and develop bare patches. However, it can also be more soggy-looking and weed or fungi-infested. Plus, a layer of thatch can develop more rapidly, as the excess water prevents the soil and grass from effectively breaking down the plant material buildup.

Kaminski says you might also see water run off onto paths and driveways, as your soggy lawn can’t absorb more moisture effectively.

Tips To Avoid Overwatering a Lawn

Overwatering is one of the most common lawn mistakes. Follow these tips to prevent this from causing shallow root growth, disease development and water wastage.

• Install a rain sensor or smart irrigation controller: Kaminski explains that these adjust water amounts to account for weather changes.
• Use a rain gauge: This allows you to measure how much water your lawn is receiving.
• Check your soil: “If it feels soggy or water is pooling, dial it back,” Kaminski says.
• Water early in the morning: Your lawn is active at this time and will absorb the water it needs. Any excess can evaporate off during the hotter part of the day.

About the Experts

• John Kaminski, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Turfgrass Management in the College of Agricultural Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University.
• Grady L. Miller, PhD, is a Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist in the Crop and Soil Sciences Department at North Carolina State University.

The post Here’s How Much Water Your Grass Really Needs appeared first on Family Handyman.

That Groove Is All About Buttons

The groove, which usually runs along the outer edge of the soleplate (that’s the flat, hot part of the iron), is there to help you navigate around buttons, snaps, and other little details on your clothes. Instead of awkwardly maneuvering around buttons or risking melting or flattening them, the groove gives the button a place to “sit” safely while you press the surrounding fabric.

It’s one of those small touches that makes a surprisingly big difference, especially when you’re ironing a button-down shirt or anything with decorative elements.

More Hidden Features Built Into Your Iron

While we’re talking about it, that little groove isn’t the only clever design feature built into your iron. In fact, a lot of what’s built into the shape and structure of an iron is there to make your life easier — even if you’ve never really thought about it before. For example, most irons have a pointed tip, and that’s not just for looks.

That point is designed for precision, helping you easily slip into tight spots like between pleats, along seams, and around tricky collars without needing to keep readjusting your garment. Then there’s the steam holes scattered across the soleplate.

Those aren’t random either — they’re strategically placed to release steam and deeply penetrate fabrics, relaxing even the most stubborn wrinkles. Many irons even let you adjust the amount of steam depending on what kind of material you’re ironing.

Small Settings That Make a Big Difference

Another hidden helper is the temperature dial. It might seem basic, but it’s crucial for protecting your clothes. Setting the temperature correctly according to the fabric type — cotton, linen, silk, wool, or synthetics — means you won’t accidentally scorch or melt anything. It’s easy to skip over, but using it properly can help your clothes stay in better shape for longer.

Some modern irons even come with a self-cleaning mode, usually a small button that helps flush out mineral buildup from using regular tap water. If you’ve noticed your iron spitting or leaving behind little spots, it might be time to give that function a try.

It’s easy to take something as everyday as an iron for granted, but when you start to notice the thought that goes into features like the button groove, you realize how much they actually help. That little channel isn’t just a decorative touch — it’s a smart solution for a common ironing headache.

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The post That Little Groove on your Iron Actually Has a Big Job appeared first on Family Handyman.

What States Have Legalized Fireworks?

The American Pyrotechnics Association (APA) has a map breaking down the legality of fireworks state by state. Only one state outright bans consumer fireworks; the other 49 states and Washington, D.C., allow them in at least one fashion. Each state has different rules about the time frame in which fireworks are legal and which specific ones are prohibited; the APA also has a directory so you can easily check the regulations in your state. Ohio, for example, allows the sale of consumer fireworks year-round, while California limits the sale from June 28 to July 6.

States Where Most Firework Types Are Legal

Washington, D.C., as well as the following 47 states, allow “some or all types of consumer fireworks permitted by federal regulations,” according to the APA:

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arkansas
• Arizona
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Iowa
• Indiana
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Mexico
• New York
• New Jersey
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Rhode Island
• Pennsylvania
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming
• District of Columbia

States Where Fireworks Are Legal With Limitations

Two states only allow “wire or wood stick sparklers and other novelty items”:

• Illinois
• Vermont

In What States Are Fireworks Illegal?

Massachusetts outright forbids personal fireworks displays. According to the state website, “Massachusetts law prohibits the possession, use, and sale of fireworks without a permit and certification. The law applies even if you buy them legally in another state.”

Source

• Leave Fireworks to the Professionals, Mass.gov.
• State Fireworks Control Laws, American Pyrotechnics Association, 2021.

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The post States Where Fireworks Are Legal (And Where They’re Not) appeared first on Family Handyman.

“In DIY projects, dirty hands can carry bacteria, chemicals and oils that damage surfaces, interfere with paint adhesion or leave residues on tools and appliances,” says preventative health expert Dr. Bill Kapp. “More critically, your skin is a barrier. If it’s cracked or covered in chemicals, your risk of irritation or infection increases.”

Here’s how to wash your hands the right way, for germs, grease, paint and other messes you might get yourself into.

Why Washing Your Hands Properly Matters

Our health is tied directly to our hands. As we go through our day, they pick up germs from phones, dogs, desks, doorknobs and everything else we touch. Some of those germs can make us ill or cause rashes and other skin problems.

“Handwashing prevents all that, and doing it correctly is one of the simplest ways you can remain healthy,” says dermatologist Dr. Stephanie Taylor.

But proper handwashing is also important with DIY and home improvement tasks. “I work with skin all day, every day, and I’ve seen what happens if people don’t take care of it, especially with hands-on activities like repairing cars, painting or building projects at home,” says dermatologist Dr. David Johnson.

Some of those pitfalls involve your skin’s protective layer, the stratum corneum, which retains water inside and keeps harmful stuff outside. “When you don’t remove chemicals or dirt from your surface, it dissolves that layer,” says Johnson. “That can lead to contact dermatitis, folliculitis or dry, cracked skin that gets worse with time.”

How To Wash Your Hands Properly

The basic handwashing technique for health is:

• Turn on running, clean water.
• Wet your hands.
• With soap, rub your hands together and generate bubbles, taking care to also get the back of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.
• Wash for around 20 seconds. That’s about the time it takes to sing “Happy Birthday” twice, says Taylor.
• Rinse everything off.
• Dry your hands with a towel that is clean, or have them dry naturally.

If you’ve been working in the shop or yard, it’s also important to use the correct type of soap for whatever got onto your hands.

• For greasy, oily and otherwise sticky dirt and grime, use a heavy-duty soap with pumice or degreaser. Johnson recommends the brands Gojo and Fast Orange. But, keep in mind that too abrasive of a scrub can also hurt your skin, especially if you’re using it daily.
• For latex paint, regular soap and water should be sufficient. But for oil-based and spray paints, you’ll need mineral oil/spirits to break them down. After using those, it’s important to wash again with warm water (not hot) and a mild pH-balanced soap, which won’t dry your skin.
• Especially after using abrasive soaps and cleaners, it’s a good idea to follow up handwashing with a moisturizer. Johnson’s go-to is a thick hand cream, such as Eucerin Advanced Repair.

“Good healing begins with good habits,” says Johnson. “Take care of your hands. They only come in a single pair, and they do far more than you realize.”

When Should You Wash Your Hands?

Doctors, including Taylor, advise washing your hands:

• After visiting the restroom;
• Before consuming or preparing food;
• Directly after blowing your nose, sneezing, or coughing;
• After touching pets;
• Upon returning home;
• After you’ve been outside;
• Before and after assisting an ill person; and
• Before and after touching cuts or open wounds.

Handwashing Mistakes to Avoid

Common mistakes with handwashing include washing too quickly or skimping on under-nail washing. “Also, don’t dry your hands with a dirty towel, which only transmits bacteria right back onto your hands,” says Taylor.

When it comes to home improvement and vehicle projects, a common mistake is not rinsing off hard scrubs well, which will leave a chemical residue. So, after using scrubs or mineral oil, rewash with warm, clean water and mild soap, says Kapp. “The goal is to get clean and ensure your hands are safe to work with,” he says.

Also, Johnson recommends to:

• Not to use soap or a cleaning solution intended for tools, as those can ruin your skin.
• Avoid hot water, which will remove natural oils from your hands and dry them out.
• Remember to dry your hands thoroughly, since wet skin is more easily damaged.

FAQ

How long should you wash your hands?

No fewer than 20 seconds, which is what’s needed to remove germs. “Hum a tune to yourself to keep track of time,” says Taylor.

Should you always use antibacterial soap?

Nope. You don’t have to use special soap unless your doctor recommends it. “Regular soap is just fine,” says Taylor. “Using antibacterial soaps can dry out your skin or cause issues if you use them frequently.”

Does hot water kill more germs?

Again, no. Hot water can actually harm to your skin by removing its natural oils. “Lukewarm water is just as effective, and your skin will thank you,” says Taylor.

What if there’s no soap?

Use a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. “It won’t remove grime, but it kills many germs,” says Taylor. “It’s good to have as a last resort if there is no water and soap to use.”

Can over-washing your hands be harmful?

Yes, over-washing your hands can dry out your skin, and in some cases cause irritant contact dermatitis, which is red, itchy skin that can be cracked and painful.

“I see a lot of this with patients,” says Taylor. “If you find yourself washing a lot, use a gentle moisturizer to make your skin soft and resilient.”

About the Experts

• Dr. Stephanie Taylor, M.D., is a board-certified dermatologist with more than 12 years of practice, and works as a senior consultant at Medpak Solutions.
• Dr. Bill Kapp, M.D., is a longevity-focused expert and CEO of Fountain Life. His work in preventive health focuses on how everyday habits, including proper hand hygiene, affect skin integrity, immune health and cross-contamination risk.
• Dr. David Johnson, M.D., is a board-certified dermatologist with a career focused on treatments for healthy skin and scalps. He is also co-founder of RedliteX, an advanced red light therapy for dermatological health.

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The post Are You Washing Your Hands Correctly? Here’s How To Do It Right appeared first on Family Handyman.

What Features Does Taylor Swift’s Former Cape Cod Mansion Have?

Mansion Global reports that the house was listed in late April 2025 for $14.995 million. It was built in 1928 and overlooks a private beach and Nantucket Sound.

Sitting on a 1.1-acre property with “200 feet of ocean frontage,” the 5,000-square-foot home boasts “seven bedrooms, a sunroom and pergola, a pool deck and fire pit, and a large dining room facing the water for hosting.” It also “features the whitewashed walls, beamed ceilings and sash windows evocative of a classic New England summer.”

There’s a second notable thing about this house, other than the fact that Taylor Swift owned it: It sits right across from the Kennedy compound.

Swift bought the oceanfront mansion in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in late 2012 (at the time, there were rumors she and Connor Kennedy, son of Robert F. Kennedy Jr., were dating). In 2013, she put it back on the market. The current sellers are the ones who bought it from Swift.

If you have $15 million to spend on a new home, it’s a tempting opportunity. After all, who doesn’t want an oceanfront property with a fascinating past. And being the most expensive listing in the area lends even more mystique to the mansion.

Source

Cape Cod House Taylor Swift Owned When She Dated RFK Jr.’s Son on the Market, Mansion Global, 2025.

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The post Taylor Swift’s Former Cape Cod Mansion Is for Sale — Wait Until You See the Price Tag appeared first on Family Handyman.

So, do you need a flexible sledgehammer? That depends on the job you’re doing, but if it involves a lot of swings, you might. It will help you feel less tired, you’ll suffer fewer aches in your arms and hands, and, as a bonus, you’ll be able to develop more pounding force to help you get the job done faster.

What Is a Flexible Sledgehammer?

The floppy or bendy sledgehammers you see in videos are also known as Chinese sledgehammers, and you’ll find them primarily in use in China and other parts of Asia. The handles are made of flexible rubber that allows users to employ a whip-like technique to develop more pounding force with less effort. I’ve never used one, and I’d be reluctant to do so in tight quarters because I suspect they increase the likelihood of errant swings.

On North American store shelves, a flexible sledgehammer is one with a semi-rigid handle made of fiberglass, vulcanized rubber or a combination. It’s also known as a shock-absorbing sledgehammer because of the ability of these materials to dampen vibrations. If you’ve ever used a sledgehammer with a traditional oak or hickory handle, you’ll appreciate the innovation. No more loosening your grip as the hammer head strikes to avoid vibrational shocks.

What Are Flexible Sledgehammers Used For?

You can use a North American-style flexible sledgehammer (as distinct from a Chinese bendy one) for any job that calls for a sledgehammer, including:

• Breaking concrete and brick;
• driving stakes;
• splitting wood with a wedge;
• interior demolition work, including breaking up walls and tearing down framing.

Got an old cast iron bathtub that you want to replace? Breaking it up with a sledgehammer is an efficient way to remove it, and a flexible sledgehammer is perfect for this job. It’s also a great tool for quickly removing an old tile floor by breaking the tiles into pieces.

Key Benefits of Using a Flexible Sledgehammer

The handle of a flexible sledgehammer absorbs shocks, which reduces fatigue when you have to swing it repeatedly. This results in the following side benefits:

• You can work faster and more efficiently;
• You can develop more power;
• You can maintain control for a longer period;
• You’ll get fewer blisters (assuming you don’t wear gloves, which you should);
• You reduce the likelihood of breaking the handle and having the head turn into a dangerous projectile. Neither fiberglass nor rubber break as easily as wood.

These benefits would also apply to Chinese bendy sledgehammers, especially in terms of generating power and working faster. Having never used one, I can’t comment on how easy it would be to maintain control during repeated swings. Videos typically show workers swinging them horizontally — I’d be reluctant to swing one vertically, even when wearing a helmet.

Safety Tips for Using a Flexible Sledgehammer

Whether you’re using a flexible sledgehammer or a traditional one with a wooden handle, New Jersey’s MEL Safety Institute recommends observing these safety precautions:

• Avoid using a sledgehammer when another tool will work.
• Don’t use a hammer heavier than you can control. For most purposes, a six to ten pound hammer will probably get the job done.
• Check the handle and head for cracks before you use the hammer.
• Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles and a helmet. If anyone else is around, they should also wear PPE.
• Double-check your surroundings before swinging the hammer. Make sure there are no tripping hazards or anything in the path of your swing.
• Use the minimum swing you need to do the job.
• Avoid swinging the hammer above your head.

Sources

• Municipal Excess Liability Joint Insurance Fund: Sledgehammer Best Practices; (2025)

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The post A Sledgehammer That’s Flexible? Here’s the Genius Behind It appeared first on Family Handyman.

Ahead, we speak with laundry and cleaning experts about the key differences between line drying and using a dryer. They even gave some tips on how to determine which is best for your clothes and needs.

Line Drying vs. Dryer: How Does It Dry Your Clothes

“Line drying involves hanging your damp clothes on a clothesline, drying rack, or rope—either outside under the sun or inside if the weather’s not great,” says Joy Ramos, operations manager of Bear Brothers Cleaning. “The air works, slowly drawing out the moisture as it circulates through your clothes.”

According to Mary Gagliardi, a cleaning expert and Clorox’s in-house scientist, using a traditional machine dryer involves blowing heated air through the dryer as the laundry tumbles, evacuating moist air until the load is dry.

Line Drying vs. Dryer: Pros and Cons

When deciding whether to use line drying or a dryer, the pros and cons should be considered.

Benefits of Line-Drying Clothes

• It helps maintain the integrity and quality of your clothes. According to Matthew O’Connor, CEO of NoScrubs.com, line drying can extend a garment’s lifespan by reducing fiber breakdown, so you can have it for longer in better condition. For example, if you have a delicate shirt or dress that needs to be washed and dried, then you’re probably better off line drying it. That said, you’ll want to check the manufacturing instructions printed on a garment’s tag to see what they recommend.
• It helps save on electricity. Line drying requires no cost aside from purchasing a drying rack or a line and pins. This is ideal for those on a tight budget or those who simply don’t want to spend money on something that can be done for free.
• Natural benefits of drying in the sun. “Whites are naturally brightened, and bacteria is killed by sunlight,” says Ramos. “Your clothes also can smell fresher after drying outside.”

Drawbacks of Line-Drying Clothes

• It’s a time suck. Line-drying clothes can be time-consuming in many cases, especially for thicker fabrics and textiles. Instead of taking 45 minutes, a load can take upwards of a few hours to dry.
• Clothing and other garments can get distorted. “Wet laundry is substantially heavier, and when initially hung to dry, can potentially become distorted under the weight of the water on the fabric as it hangs,” says Gagliardi. “This mostly affects sweaters, delicately constructed clothing, and antique textiles.”

Benefits of Drying Clothes in the Dryer

• It’s more efficient. “Machine drying is much faster than line drying except in very hot and dry climates,” says Gagliardi.
• There’s typically more control. “Most drying machines are great at catching lint, pet hair, and dust,” says Ramos. Plus, it works any time, rain or shine so there’s no guessing involved.”

Drawbacks of Drying Clothes in the Dryer

• Can cause shrinking or damage. As you may already know, repeated heating and tumbling, such as that done inside a drying machine, can shrink, fade, or damage fabrics.
• Higher utility bills. Outside of the clothing itself, using a dryer can also increase your electric bill, as it uses a lot of energy for a load.
• It can turn into a safety hazard if not well-maintained. Alicia Sokowlowski, president and co-CEO of AspenClean, also mentions that there’s a safety risk associated with drying machines. “If not cleaned regularly, lint buildup can become a hazard,” she says. There’s even the possibility that maintenance issues may arise that need to be addressed with frequent use.

Line Drying vs. Dryer: Which Is Better for Your Clothes?

This really depends on the type of clothes you’re drying and the frequency. “I prefer line drying (indoors with a dehumidifier during cooler/wetter months) to prevent shrinkage and preserve color of items where that is an issue,” says Gagliardi. “I also prefer the convenience and speed of machine drying towels, bedding, socks, and underwear.”

Ramos recommends line-drying clothes to keep them looking fresh and bright. “It’s much gentler on the fabric, which means less wear and tear, plus it helps prevent shrinking or fading,” he tells Family Handyman.

Line Drying vs. Dryer: Which Costs More?

Using a traditional dryer costs more because you have to pay for not only the cost of the appliance itself but also the electric bills associated with it. This involves the energy required to run and potential maintenance when issues arise.

With line drying, you’ll need to invest in a rack and dehumidifier but those are one time purchases and will last you a long time.

Tips for Line-Drying Clothes

If you’re interested in line-drying your clothes, Ramos has some tips:

• Leave ample room between items to allow air to circulate.
• Turn colored or dark clothing inside out to prevent sun fading.
• Lay delicate items flat to prevent straining.
• Shake your garments thoroughly before hanging them up to lessen that stiff feeling.
• Stick with plastic or wooden clothespins instead of metal one’s since those can rust and stain your fabric.

Tips for Drying Clothes in the Dryer

When it comes to using a machine dryer, Sokowlowski has some tips:

• Clean the lint trap after every load.
• Use dryer balls to reduce static and drying time.
• Separate heavy and lightweight fabrics for more even drying.
• Don’t overload the dryer – having good airflow matters.
• When in doubt, use the lowest heat setting.

FAQ

Can you line dry clothes in the winter?

Yes, you can line dry clothes in the winter, but this depends on the weather in your area. “Warm, dry southern states will find this easier to do than cold, rainy northern regions,” says Gagliardi.

According to Sokowlowski, cold air can still dry clothes, but it just takes longer. “The water in clothes evaporates even when frozen,” she says. “Just expect it to be slower and avoid heavy rain or snow when drying clothes outside.”

Can you line dry clothes inside?

Yes, you can line dry clothes inside if you have the space. If you decide to do this, then Gagliardi recommends having a dehumidifier on standby to help get rid of the excess moisture and humidity.

What are the best fabrics to line-Dry vs. put in the dryer?

Again, this varies based on the type of fabric, size and manufacturing directions. “Terry cloth towels will dry more quickly in a machine dryer, but they certainly can be line dried to save energy,” says Gagliardi. “Sheets and other tightly woven fabrics can be either line or machine dried and wool items that allow hand washing or machine washing on the delicate cycle usually should be laid flat to dry, but some allow tumble drying on low heat.

About The Experts

• Joy Ramos, operations manager of Bear Brothers Cleaning
• Mary Gagliardi, cleaning expert and Clorox’s in-house scientist
• Matthew O’Connor, CEO of NoScrubs.com
• Alicia Sokowlowski, president and co-CEO of AspenClean

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The post Line Drying Vs. Machine Drying: Which Is Better for Your Clothes and Wallet? appeared first on Family Handyman.

But do crosswalk buttons actually make the stoplight change any faster? Or are they there simply to occupy pedestrians while they wait for their turn to cross?

What Does the Crosswalk Button Do?

Before we can answer the question of whether or not the crosswalk button speeds up the light cycle, it’s important to understand what the buttons do in the first place.

According to the City of Missoula, “once a pedestrian push button is pressed, a walk signal will come on with the associated green light for vehicles.” Much like the sensors in the road that tell traffic signals that there’s a car waiting, these buttons indicate that people are waiting to safely cross the road. Some newer ones will also announce what direction they control and whether or not it is safe to cross. This way, visually-impaired pedestrians have an extra level of protection at intersections.

Does Pushing the Button Adjust the Light Cycle?

The short answer is: sometimes.  In many cities, pushing the button does adjust the light cycle. The City of Missoula’s website explains that pressing the crosswalk button sends a call for service to the signal controller. Next, the “signal controllers handle these calls for service in sequence, so the walk signal will activate when it is that direction’s turn in the sequence.” This means that while pushing the button does have an effect, it doesn’t immediately change the light. “Just like a vehicle pulling up on a side street, pedestrians have to wait for the signal to cycle around to receive the walk light,” the city’s website explains.

Pushing the button multiple times, or more aggressively, won’t make the signal change any faster, however. The call for service is slotted into sequence, but it’s already being processed as fast as possible. The button doesn’t fully override the signal’s programmed sequence, it simply indicates what needs to come next.

However, this isn’t true for all cities. American University Radio Washington D.C. (WAMU) explains that in Washington D.C., over 80% of the signals are already set to give pedestrians the signal regularly. There’s no need to actually push the button in order to get the signal. Whether or not you push it, the walk light will arrive at the same time.

Source

• How do pedestrian buttons and walk signals work?, City of Missoula.
• You Pushed The Walk Button At An Intersection. So Why Don’t The Cars Stop?, American University Radio Washington D.C., 2019.

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The post Do Crosswalk Buttons Really Do Anything? appeared first on Family Handyman.

Should You Fill Up Your Gas Tank On a Monthly Schedule?

To some degree, the answer will vary. Everyone has different driving habits. This is true both in terms of the frequency and length of their drives as well as the kinds of roads they’re driving on. Someone who barely uses a quarter of a gallon every two weeks is going to have to refill far less often than someone who uses a half tank a week. It can be helpful to designate a specific day as “gas day” to make it easy on yourself. But that day should be much more heavily influenced by your own driving habits than by the calendar.

How Low Can Your Gas Tank Get Before Refueling?

For practicality’s sake, most auto enthusiasts recommend keeping your car at at least a half tank of fuel. This way, if you’re caught in a storm or some other emergency, you can still get to safety. Contributors to the Subaru Forester Forum have stressed the dangers of letting your vehicle’s tank get too low. They often explain that your chances of ending up stranded are much higher if you drop below a half tank. You should always be prepared for the unknown. So, for practicality’s sake, the general consensus is that it’s best to refill when you hit a half tank.

Will Too Little Gas Damage Your Car?

In addition to practicality, another oft-cited reason to keep your tank full has to do with the potential damage to your car itself. Contributors to the Honda Odyssey Forum warn that too little fuel in the tank can damage your fuel pump. Progressive Insurance backs up these claims. According to them, too little gas in the tank can overwork the fuel pump, causing it to draw in too much air and overheat. Additionally, the insurance company warns that low fuel can cause your engine to misfire and your catalytic converters to overheat. Their recommendation is that you always keep at least a quarter tank of fuel in your car at any given time to offset these risks.

Source

Fuel Light – how much gas is left when it lights?, SubaruForester,org, 2018.

Running on Empty Gas, OdyClub.org, 2023.

Is driving on empty bad for your car?, Progressive.

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The post Is It Bad to Wait Until Your Tank Is Empty? Fueling Frequency Explained appeared first on Family Handyman.

The History of Blue Porch Ceilings

The tradition of blue porch ceilings goes way back. Like, way back. It started with the Gullah Geechee people—descendants of enslaved Africans who lived along the coastal South. They believed in spirits called “haints” (kind of like ghosts or bad energy) that could sneak into your home and cause trouble.

The solution was to paint your porch ceiling a pale blue—something close to the color of the sky or water. The idea was that haints wouldn’t cross water, and if the ceiling looked like the sky, they’d just keep floating on by.

Protection From Bugs

Another possible explanation people love to mention: bugs. Yup—some folks say that painting your porch ceiling blue can actually help keep insects away.

The theory? Bugs supposedly see the blue and think it’s the sky, so they avoid nesting or flying too close. There’s no solid science to back that up, but honestly, even the possibility of fewer mosquitoes is reason enough for some people to grab a paintbrush.

Also, back in the day, blue paint was often made with milk and lye, which did repel insects. So maybe the tradition stuck around for both reasons—bugs and bad spirits.

Which Blue?

Even if you’re not superstitious and your bug problems are under control, a blue porch ceiling still has something going for it: it just looks good. It makes the space feel lighter, brighter, and a little more open. It’s calming, like a sunny day, and adds charm to just about any house style.

You’ll often see colors like robin’s egg blue, sky blue, or a pale aqua. They all give off that cool, breezy vibe that says, “Come sit for a spell.”

When you spot a blue porch ceiling, it could mean a few different things. Maybe the homeowner is nodding to a beautiful old tradition. Maybe they’re hoping to keep the bugs at bay. Or maybe they just love the way it looks.

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The post Why So Many Southern Homes Have Blue Porch Ceilings appeared first on Family Handyman.

“Blind spots are one of the most underestimated dangers on the road, and a major factor in lane-change and turning collisions,” says Lucas Waldenbäck, co-founder of Zutobi Drivers Ed.

Even though many new cars offer blind-spot sensors, it’s still vital to manually check your blind spots through mirrors and by looking over your shoulders. Here’s how to adjust your mirrors for blind spots, to keep yourself, your passengers and fellow drivers safe.

What Are Car Blind Spots?

Blind spots are the areas outside of your vehicle that you can’t see in your side or rearview mirrors.

“For many cars, they are usually found just behind, and to the left and right of the vehicle,” says Marin Cristian, CEO of Online Games. “These are the most common spots where another car can easily be invisible to you.”

Where are the blind spots while driving?

Most people are aware of one or two. There are actually eight key blind spots.

• Directly in front of the hood;
• At the left and right crossbars (aka A-pillars);
• Directly over your left and right shoulders;
• At the rear-left and rear-right pillars, and
• Directly behind the vehicle, especially low to the ground.

These blind zones exist because of structural obstructions like door pillars, the vehicle’s frame and your limited line of sight. “For instance, when backing up, you won’t see a small child or pole below the rear windshield, even if you’re using your rearview mirror,” says Waldenbäck.

How to Properly Adjust Your Side Mirrors

There are two recommended methods for adjusting your side mirrors.

• Setting A, the standard commonly taught in driving schools, is to adjust your mirrors so the tip of your door handle appears in the lower inner corner of the side mirror. “This gives a familiar visual reference for most drivers,” says Waldenbäck.
• Setting B, the way SAE international standards recommend, is to push the mirrors farther outward, until they barely overlap with the rearview mirror’s field of view. “This setting helps minimize blind spots and reduces the need to turn your head as far,” says Waldenbäck. “However, it may feel disorienting at first,” he says.

How to Properly Adjust Your Rearview Mirror

Tilt the mirror so that you can see as much of the rear window as possible without shifting your seating position. That should give you a complete view of the lane directly behind your vehicle and work in conjunction with your side mirrors to create almost continuous field of vision around your car.

How to Test If Your Mirrors Are Correctly Adjusted

Once you get on a multilane road, watch a car pass you. It should transition smoothly from your rearview to your side mirror, then from your side mirror to your peripheral vision.

“If the vehicle disappears from all mirrors before appearing beside you, that’s a clear indicator of a blind spot and that your mirrors may need fine-tuning,” says Waldenbäck.

FAQ

How often should I adjust my mirrors?

You should check and adjust your car’s rearview and side mirrors for blind spots:

• Whenever you adjust your seat;
• Before long drives or freeway trips;
• Every time someone else has driven your car.

“Even a slight change in your sitting position alters your field of vision,” says Waldenbäck.

Do I still need to adjust my mirrors if my car has blind spot sensors?

Absolutely, you should still adjust your mirrors even if it has blind spot sensors. Sensors are a supplement to mirrors, but not a replacement. “They may miss fast-approaching vehicles, motorcycles or fail altogether,” says Waldenbäck. “Good habits like mirror checks and shoulder glances are irreplaceable.”

About the Experts

• Lucas Waldenbäck is Co-Founder of Zutobi Drivers Ed, a driver’s education app that helps students become safe and confident drivers.
• Marin Cristian is CEO of Online Games, and has a background in creating simulations for cars and driving mechanics and studying fundamental principles of road safety.

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• Do You Know What That Little Button on Your Seat Belt Is For? 
• What Those Lines on Your Backup Camera Really Tell You 
• Here’s What The Small Panel On Your Car’s Front Bumper Is For 

The post The Right Way to Adjust Your Car Mirrors to Eliminate Blind Spots appeared first on Family Handyman.